Аматорський театральний гурток села Смиківці Тернопільського повіту в культурно-освітньому русі Галичини першої третини ХХ століття

Abstract

У статті проаналізовано виникнення та діяльність аматорського театрального гуртка села Смиківці Тернопільського повіту в культурно-освітньому русі Галичини першої третини ХХ століття. Звернено увагу на роль керівників місцевої філії “Просвіти” та їхнє ставлення до театрального гуртка села. Висвітлено соціально-політичне становище населення в цей період та його вплив на культурно-мистецьке життя краю. Показано умови праці гуртка, роботу керівників-постановників, репертуар колективу на різних етапах розвитку та його втілення на аматорській сцені.

В статье проанализировано возникновение и деятельность любительского театрального кружка села Смыковцы Тернопольского уезда в культурно-образовательном движении Галичины первой трети ХХ века. Обращено внимание на роль руководителей местного филиала “Просвиты” и их отношение к театральному кружку села. Освещено социально-политическое положение населения в этот период и его влияние на культурно-художественную жизнь края. Показано условия труда кружка, работу руководителей- постановщиков, репертуар коллектива на разных этапах развития и его воплощение на любительской сцене.

Nineteenth century marked the rise of cultural life, which has spread to every Ukrainian town and village. Great value in this area played a theatrical art thanks to the popularity and theater coryphaeuses who raised him to a high professional level. Actively developed in Galychyna in the late XIX – the first third of the twentieth century. Branch society “Prosvita”, paying attention to the spread of population education, culture and art. The formation of national consciousness most affected theatrical groups at branch “Prosvita” that operate in the villages of Ternopil county, particularly in the village of Smykivtsi. The first mention of the activities of “Prosvita” in village of Smykivtsy refers to 1879. As in all the cells of the newly created society, the main attention was focused on educational activities, so actively begun to form a library. Since the first decades of the twentieth century, local activists started to discuss the acquisition or construction of a separate building where one could develop not only educational, but also cultural and artistic activities. The biggest development in this direction has become dramatic group, which began to active immediately after the creation of “Prosvita” in the village. In the period before First World War a reading room was in the shop of Timothy Kozub. Through organizational skills of Julian Bachinskiy and Theodore Dyachun amateurs of Smykivtsi put a number of interesting performances of different genres. During the events of First World War all social organizations and cultural and educational clubs were closed. Given the difficult socio-political situation of the population, activity of society “Prosvita” of Smykivtsi stalled, but the dramatical group tried to carry out their activities and make setting performances. Attempts to reactivate the “Prosvita” made in 1918. Gathered members of reading room mostly on Sundays and holidays. Most actuality was historical, educational and cultural literature and works of modern poets, writers and playwrights. Every year the theater group increased repertoire thanks to this popular works and presented their theatrical performances to the audience. In 1920, in the group under the direction of Andriy Butkovskiy had 20 members. During 1921–1923 years the cell of the society was in the home of a librarian Andriy Kozub. Accordingly, members of theatrical groups performed their activities there: practicing dramatic works, conducted rehearsals, preparing decorations and costumes. With the assistance of the national conscious villagers in Smykivtsi, in March 1926 was based pedagogical Ukrainian society “Native School”, which actively cooperated with society “Prosvita”. As a result, the theatrical group conducted their activities more intensively. Leaders and members of the group for advice pedagogical society activists tried showing in stage the works of the historical, religious, social and domestic topics and performances of didactic character, after which the audience formed features honor and dignity, humanity and patriotism. At the end of 1920 in Poland there is a deep political crisis that led to the rise in Eastern Galychyna sharp opposition. Radical young people conducted sabotage action on the Polish authorities. In this regard, in September–November 1930 the Polish authorities was carried out repressive action against the Ukrainian population of Galychyna, which was called “pacification”. The policy of pacification impact on the amateur theatrical group, whose leadership was forced to ask permission from the county eldership to stage performances or the device concerts. In 1935 amateur group consisted of 65 members. Management of group has Anton Polytyuk. Amateurs had in his library 14 theatrical plays, scenery, theatrical costumes and accessories. In 1936 the number of participants theatrical groups increased to 85 members. Unlike the previous year, rehearsals were held regularly – mostly on Saturday or Sunday. Despite the difficult socio-political situation of that time, the theatrical group has continued its activities. In 1937 the head of the group was Peter Kozub. In 1938 the theatrical group continued to operate under the direction of Anton Polytyuk. Number of amateurs dropped to 45 people. Members of the group had good scenery and costumes that acquired the proceeds for money during performances. End of story of Smykivtsi theatrical group in 1939, when the events of Second World War brought radical changes in the development of cultural and artistic life of the village. Public companies and organizations were initially closed and later destroyed. Therefore, an amateur theatrical group in the first third of the twentieth century made a significant contribution to the development of culture and the formation of national consciousness of local inhabitants.