Odmiany języka polskiego – próba typologizacji

Abstract

The article is an attempt to systematize the varieties of Polish. It refers to the tradition of Polish sociolinguistics, according to which Polish language differentiates language varieties and functional styles. The presented article, though, involves pragmatic-discoursive taxonomic rule. According to this rule in Polisg language there have been separated pragmalects, or varieties of language (langue) separated from the point of view of participation of the subject of lingual activity (langage) in a particular discourse situation (parole). This situation results from the subject participation in many kinds of activity (work time, leisure time), it is also connected with the subject’s place of living (village, town, city, region). The choice of pragmalect in a particular communication act depends on discourse, in which it is to be used. The typological depiction allowing for indirect, transitional phenomena is the distinctive feature of the discussed systematization of varieties of Polish. Three main group have been separated among pragmalects: ordinary language, standard (colloquial) language and literary language, however standard language is considered to be a transitional variety of Polish, including elements of both ordinary and literary language. The transitional zone is also occupied by other jargons (professional language) and slangs (community language) as well as argot (criminal slang) and cant (prison slang). The above division of pragmalects identifies with the typology of discourses: the colloquial discourse is realized by ordinary or standard language (in a grapf form it can be shown on the intersection of those pragmalects), socio-ethical and economic-professional discourses involve literary language in formal communication or standard language in informal communication and scientific and philosophical discourses are also realized by literary and standard language depending on the register. The widest range of pragmalects enhances artistic discourse, which can be operate in all language varieties.