Дикційний комплекс у православному церковному співі: сучасний регентський досвід

Abstract

У статті визначено та охарактеризовано фактори, які впливають на сприймання проспіваного тексту в храмі. Проблеми хорової дикції розглянуто комплексно, з методологічних позицій, включаючи як логіку смислових побудов, акцентуацію та розподіл на строки, так і специфіку вимови церковнослов’янських текстів. Досліджено різні технологічні підходи до роботи над хоровою дикцією, запропоновано методи адаптації тексту до умов храмової акустики. Визначено основні позиції щодо роботи над дикцією видатних регентів сучасності.

В статье определено и охарактеризовано факторы, влияющие на восприятие распеваемого текста в храме. Проблемы хоровой дикции рассмотрено комплексно, с методологических позиций, включая как логику смысловых построений, акцентуацию и распределение на сроки, так и специфику произношения церковнославянских текстов. Исследовано различные технологические подходы к работе над хоровой дикцией, предложено методы адаптации текста к условиям храмовой акустики. Определено основные позиции относительно работы над дикцией выдающихся регентов современности.

The basis of the Orthodox divine service is a sung Logos, which is both a data medium and a means of communication with God. A person who is involved in the divine service should not only hear the word, but also apprehend its sacred content, follow the logic of its development. The problems of diction were actively dealt with in choral studies of the late 19-th century. But the practice of church choir singing proves that the specific character of church acoustics creates more strict conditions for bringing the word to the listener than most concert halls, developing approaches and methods of working at diction. The aim of the аrticle is to identify the key factors of working with the diction complex in the conditions of church acoustics, to generalize and scientifically record modern eminent choir masters’ experience in the context of the methodology of working at diction in the church choir. The ascertained factors of complications in working at church choir’s diction are: – the text in a foreign language (with the exception of the countries where the liturgical language coincides with one of communication); – the use of authors’ chants containing logical, semantic or structural contradictions between the text and music; – lack of vocal and choral professionalism within a considerable part of choristers; – additional “sound layers” (parallel recitation of prayers in the sanctuary or at the other choir-place, noise); – specificity as well as defects of church acoustics; – the use of incorrect sound amplification technology (if any). Foreignness, by-turn, is the cause of the following problems related to: – specific orthoepy; – different accents in words with similar spelling in Ukrainian / Russian and Church Slavonic; – different meaning of words with similar spelling and / or pronunciation in Ukrainian / Russian and Church Slavonic; – special syntactic construction of sentences related to the translation origin of the texts. The paper is the first to propose methods of adaptating choral diction to the conditions of church acoustics and analyze modern approaches to the technique of choral pronouncing consonants. The results of the study can be used in the practice of secular and church choir masters, and its theoretical positions may supplement the materials of choral studies courses in vocational schools and universities.