Фізичне виховання дітей і молоді в громадських товариствах Буковини (друга половина XIX – початок XX ст.)

Abstract

Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата педагогічних наук зі спеціальності 13.00.01 – загальна педагогіка та історія педагогіки. – Тернопільський національний педагогічний університет імені Володимира Гнатюка, МОН України. – Тернопіль, 2014. У дисертації запропоновано теоретико-методичне обґрунтування фізичного виховання в громадських товариствах Буковини другої половини ХІХ – початку ХХ ст. в контексті загальних європейських тенденцій та регіональних особливостей, що впливали на організацію тіловиховання в товариствах краю. Виокремлено етапи розвитку фізичного виховання у громадському русі Буковини. Розроблена класифікація громадських товариств краю часів Австро-Угорської імперії. Обґрунтовано виокремлення з числа різноманітних організацій тих, які, завдяки своїм ініціативам, брали активну участь у фізичному вихованні дітей та молоді, або чітко визначали його як провідну сферу своїх інтересів. У роботі визначено напрями та пріоритети діяльності громадських організацій, розкрито основні форми та методи фізичного виховання в їх роботі. Наголошено на доцільності використання історичного досвіду фізкультурно-спортивного руху краю досліджуваного періоду та запропоновані методичні рекомендації в діяльності сучасних громадських організацій України фізкультурно-спортивної спрямованості.

Диссертация на соискание учёной степени кандидата педагогических наук по специальности 13.00.01 – общая педагогика и история педагогики. – Тернопольский национальный педагогический университет имени Владимира Гнатюка, МОН Украины. – Тернополь, 2014. В диссертации предложено теоретико-методическое обоснование физического воспитания в общественных товариществах Буковины второй половины XIX – начала ХХ в. в контексте общих европейских тенденций и региональных особенностей, которые влияли на организацию телесного воспитания» в товариществах края. Выделены этапы развития физического воспитания в общественном движении Буковины. Разработана классификация общественных товариществ края времён Австро-Венгерской империи. Обосновано выделение из числа различных организаций тех, которые, благодаря своим инициативам, принимали активное участие в воспитании детей и молодёжи, или чётко определяли его как ведущую сферу своих интересов. В работе выделены направления и приоритеты деятельности общественных организаций, раскрыты основные формы и методы физического воспитания в их работе. Акцентируется внимание на целесообразности использования исторического опыта физкультурно-спортивного движения края исследуемого периода и предложенных рекомендаций в деятельности современных общественных организаций Украины физкультурно-спортивной направленности.

The dissertation for obtaining a scientific degree of the Candidate in Pedagogical Sciences in specialty 13.00.01 – General Pedagogy and History of Pedagogy. – Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. – Ternopil, 2014. The thesis focuses on the fundamentals of the theoretical-methodological reasoning of physical education in the public societies of Bukovina of the second half of the ХІХ – the beginning of the XX cent.; it is defined that the term “society” designated officially organized voluntary associations of citizens, and the notions “association”, “union”, “organization” were used as synonyms; the level of investigation of the problem in the historical-pedagogical literature has been analyzed. The author singles out general European tendencies and regional peculiarities of the intensification of physical education of children and youth in the societies of the region in the period under study. Such tendencies include military-political, social-economic, cultural-educational, and geopolitical. Regional peculiarities, which collectively influenced physical education in the societies of the region in the period under study, have been revealed. The stages of the development of physical education in the public movement have been singled out. The first stage was the period of 1849-1866; the next – the period of 1867-1899; and the third period of the development of the society movement in the region was 1900-1914. The classification of the public organizations has been substantiated, according to which charitable unions, associations for entertainment (casinos, shooting societies) and generally useful societies (professional, art, literary-scientific, educational, scout, female, firefighting-gymnastic, anti-alcohol, academic, physical cultural-sport) etc. were acting. Public societies, which defined physical education of the young generation as their leading direction of activities, belonged to generally useful and entertaining unions. Two groups of organizations, which performed physical education of children and youth of Bukovina of the period under study, were singled out: public societies, which actively participated in it, but did not fix it in their regulations as their focus of activities – cultural, educational, confessional, professional, anti-alcohol; and unions of immediate body development focus: physical cultural-sport, scout and firefighting-gymnastic, etc. The content, forms and methods of the work of the societies of the first group have been characterized; it has been proven that the above mentioned unions systematically financed organizations of mass touristic trips and strolls, concerts, competitions for children and grown-ups, bought uniforms for children and youth teams. One of the forms of work of public societies of the first group was collection of theoretical, methodological and practical information in the field of physical culture and sport, its translation and printing. It was proven that the leading activity of “The General gymnastic society” and the physical culture and sport council, which was created by it, was comprehensive education of the regional population, particularly of children and youth by organizing classes of gymnastics and sport and their involvement in health-improving events. The content, forms and methods of work of sport societies have been characterized, on the basis of Polish “Sokol (Falcon)”, Jewish “Makkabi”, German “Yan”. Their activity had common features and developed according to the following directions: organization of training and competition activity, development of gymnastics and sport, tourism and regional studies. Beside extra-class and extra-school trainings, physical education of children and school youth was exercised through the independent trainings of members in cycling, fencing, sport games, boxing, shooting. The preconditions of emerging of the body-development movement of the Ukrainian peasantry have been analyzed. It has been proved that physical education of children and youth of the Bukovinian region in the period under study was the main focus of activity of such Ukrainian public societies as “Sokil (Falcon)”, “Sich” and “Plast (Stratum)”, the main tasks of which were introduction of healthy lifestyle among Ukrainians, effective system of fire extinguishing and training Ukrainian population of Bukovina for the armed fight for their own state independence. The appropriateness of the implementation of the creative potential of the historical experience of physical cultural and sport movement of the region in the period under study into the activity of modern public organizations of physical cultural and sport orientation of Ukraine is emphasized; the ideas and recommendations are singled out.