Проєктування екологічної стежки «Соколині гори» на основі матеріалів супутникових знімань

Abstract

В статті представлено результати проєктування пішохідної екологічної стежки «Соколині гори» (Надслучанський регіональний ландшафтний парк, Рівненська область) на основі матеріалів супутникових знімань Sentinel-1 і Sentinel-2. Моделювання виконано за допомогою спеціалізованого програмного забезпечення QGIS. Розглянутий авторами підхід може бути використаний при побудові й інших подібних маршрутів

One of the main factors affecting the tourist attractiveness of a region is the quality of tourist routes and locations. Based on the experience of the work performed, it is argued that it is difficult to fully assess the complexity, richness, and variety of routes and viewpoints without using remote sensing data and GIS tools. The article presents the results of the design of the Sokolini Hory ecological trail (Nadsluchany Regional Landscape Park, Rivne region) based on Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 satellite imagery. The modeling was performed using specialized QGIS software. In a generalized form, the task is divided into the following components: studying the complex characteristics of the territory; preparation of remote sensing materials; preliminary route designation on satellite images; obtaining digital terrain and relief models; building thematic and index maps; analysis of composite images for object identification; technical setup of software and portable hardware for track recording; route layout, coordination of viewpoints, photography, and other. The survey areas from the designated points were established using a digital surface model, and the total exceedances were determined using a digital elevation model. Radar images of the Sentinel-1 satellite (acquired in the Interferometric Wide Swath mode with a spatial resolution of 5x20 m) were used to build the DSM. The SRTM model was used as a DEM (terrain elevation values are in the range of 151-243 m). The radar images were processed in the SNAP (Sentinel Application Platform) program. The construction of thematic classification and index maps, composite images for object identification was carried out using Sentinel-2 multispectral images with a spatial resolution of 10 m. The thematic maps were obtained in the form of raster images showing different types of objects. In our case, the most interesting was the display of vegetation, hydrography, buildings, roads, communications, etc. The NDVI and NDWI images allowed us to assess the vegetation and more clearly identify its contours, and the composite images were used to create a reference sample for interpretation. After the appropriate technical configuration of the software and portable mobile communication device, in order to make a final decision on the design of the ecological trail along the pre-determined route, field decryption work, GPS track recording, coordination of viewpoints, and photographing of relevant attractions were carried out. The specialized QGIS software was used for further modeling. The project included satellite images, DSMs, DEMs, thematic and index maps, composites, base maps, GPS track and points of interest recorded in the field, and photos of selected attractions. The resulting product was used to create a map of the route, a course profile, and coordinates of viewpoints using GIS tools. The general characteristics of the Sokolini Hory ecological trail are as follows: the purpose of the trip is recreational and educational; type of movement is pedestrian, form is open-ended; difficulty category is difficult (in certain places the trail width is 0.30 m, stony rocks protrude on the daytime surface, steepness is over 300, etc. ); height difference - 38 m; length - 2.7 km; number of viewpoints - 9; age of visitors - 15-55 years; approximate duration of the trip - 3.5 hours. The approach considered by the authors can be used in the construction of other similar routes, which will help to solve a set of environmental, social and economic problems.