Геопросторовий аналіз мережі автомобільних доріг міста Кривий Ріг (Україна) для сталого розвитку регіону

Abstract

Стаття демонструє важливість геоінформаційних технологій для аналізу дорожньої інфраструктури та прийняття рішень щодо розвитку транспортних мереж. Використання QGIS дозволяє проводити детальний аналіз мережі доріг, оцінювати їх доступність і ефективність, що сприяє поліпшенню інфраструктури і забезпеченню сталого розвитку в урбанізованих районах. Аналіз геопросторових даних допомагає визначати ключові проблеми в вулично-дорожній мережі та пропонувати можливі шляхи їх вирішення.

The road network of the city of Kryvyi Rih is an example of the adaptation of the street and road network to their historical and economic development. The city was formed as a result of the historical unification of the territories of individual mining villages and microdistricts that arose around the mines, which were located along narrow (up to several kilometers) iron ore strips stretching from north to south for more than 100 km. In fact, the modern elongated linear structure of the city is the result of this historical process, which is considered a key factor in almost all aspects of its development and primarily influenced the development of motor highways. Thus, the main transport highways of the city of Kryvyi Rih stretch from north to south, which significantly increases the distances between districts and creates a significant load on the main transport arteries. The purpose of the study is to conduct a geospatial analysis of the road network of the city of Kryvyi Rih in order to improve its functionality. The work is based on geodata on the city's street and road network, which were obtained from the crowdsourced platform Open Street Map in Shape file format. Geospatial analysis of the city's road network was performed using the open source QGIS program. The city actually consists of several separate districts, interconnected by highways of various types - from wide main streets of city and district significance, which provide connections within the settlement, to residential streets and driveways, the main purpose of which is access to buildings and structures. In addition, important main roads connecting different regions of Ukraine pass through the city. Geospatial analysis of the Kryvyi Rih highway network has shown that different types of city highways differ in their structure. Thus, main roads form a radial scheme, which is characterized by a network of roads in the form of radial lines, which diverge in the form of rays from three centers. Main streets of city and district significance form a combined scheme and are a combination of several structures. It is based on a radial structure, which is unloaded by means of highways in the form of rectangular and linear structures. The rectangular structure of the city street and road network dominates in the organization of motor transport traffic on residential streets, especially newly built microdistricts of the residential area. For thoroughfares, a free structure scheme with a disordered street and road network is characteristic. The density of the road network within the city varies unevenly. The largest number of roads is observed along two conditional axes (vertical and horizontal), each of which divides the city, respectively, into two parts. These "hot" zones actually provide the majority of intra-city and transit passenger and freight traffic. The basis of these zones are highways and main roads, which carry the main load of motor vehicle traffic. Residential and through roads provide the interconnection between main roads and their connection with the territories of residential areas. In Kryvyi Rih, road crossings and junctions are carried out mainly at the same level, at the expense of intersections. The city's road network includes almost 26 thousand intersections, which corresponds to a density of 60 intersections per km². It should be noted its significant spatial correlation with the road density indicator: the largest number of intersections is along the transport axis connecting the north and south of the city. The general street and road network differs from the network of highways and main streets of city and district significance by an abnormally high number of intersections in the historical center of the city. There are two "hot" zones, which correspond mainly to intersections formed by residential and through roads. The influence of natural and anthropogenic relief on the city's road network is limited mainly to determining the directions of highways and main roads. The development of the road network of the city of Kryvyi Rih lags behind its real needs; today the network is unable to simultaneously and effectively pass the number of vehicles that are in the city. The uneven development of the road network and its topology on the territory of the city has been revealed, which often does not correspond to the dynamic capabilities and directions of the predominant movement of intra-city and transit transport. The lack of a sufficient number of alternative routes for connecting highway and main road nodes characterizes the network as one that has a low level of redundancy. This primarily concerns the movement of transit transport, most of which moves through the central areas of the city.