Особливості діагностики емоційних ставлень як показника соціально-психологічної адаптації вимушено переміщених осіб за кордоном

Abstract

У статті схарактеризовано психологічну складову адаптації вимушених українських мігрантів у країнах Європи, обґрунтовано вплив на соціально-психологічну адаптацію суб’єктивних ставлень як інтегральної особистісної характеристики біженців. Розроблено та адаптовано методику колірних метафор для діагностики вибірки вимушено переміщених осіб за кордоном. Емпірично виявлено специфіку системи емоційних ставлень і потреб вимушених переселенців за кордоном.

Introduction. The military aggression of Russia against Ukraine has been a factor that triggered largescale migration processes and led to significant distortions in people's subjective attitudes toward current events, towards others, and themselves, undermining socio-adaptive resources and worsening the mental and psychological health of both the civilian population in Ukraine and Ukrainian displaced persons. Therefore, further study is needed on the system of emotional attitudes of individuals as an indicator of psychological well-being and socio-psychological adaptation of forced migrants abroad. Purpose: Theoretically substantiate and empirically investigate the features of the system of emotional attitudes towards various aspects of reality as an indicator of the socio-psychological adaptation of forced migrants abroad. Methods. For the purpose of studying the specifics of the system of emotional attitudes towards various aspects of reality (towards current events, oneself, other people, and different types of activities), a modified projective technique of color metaphors was used. This included the use of the color choice method (a modification of the Luscher test) in the procedure, as well as the rating method for processing and interpreting the obtained data. Originality. The article identifies the main psychological factors affecting the adaptation of forced Ukrainian migrants in European countries. Subjective attitudes are characterized as integral personality traits that form the basis of psychological well-being and determine the success of the socio-psychological adaptation of forcibly displaced persons abroad. A methodology of color metaphors was developed and adapted for diagnosing a sample of forcibly displaced individuals abroad. The specificity of the emotional attitude system and the needs of Ukrainian refugees were empirically identified. The analysis of the rating assessments of concepts showed that the concepts "Who I want to be" or "My Ideal Self," Income, "Love," "Who I actually am" or "My Real Self," "Security," "Victory," "Trust," "My Home," and "My Family" have the highest average ratings and ranks. This indicates a positive attitude of forcibly displaced persons towards these concepts and signifies confidence in their abilities, concern for their family and security, and a desire for self-realization. Key concepts such as "War," "Aggressor," "Occupation," and "Evacuation" have the lowest average ratings and rankings and are accompanied by negative emotional states such as "Threat," "Pain," "Sadness," "Loss," "Fear," "Aggressiveness," and "Resentment." The analysis of the similarity of concepts marked with the same color revealed that the largest group of concepts among the refugee sample is marked in green. This color represents the need for self-affirmation and defending one's position, symbolizing the desire for recognition and confidence. The concept "My Future" is associated with concepts like "Victory," "Peace," "Security," "Trust," "Optimism," and "Freedom." Thus, Ukrainians abroad associate their future with Ukraine's victory, peace, and security and approach this with trust and optimism. Their attitude towards war is characterized by fear, threat, loss, and shattered plans. Forcibly displaced persons mainly marked the concept of "War" with black and red colors. War is associated with emotional experiences marked in red: "Threat," "Aggressiveness," "Irritation," "Anxiety," and in black color: "Fear," "Pain," and "Aggressiveness." It is also accompanied by states marked in black: "Loss," "Loneliness," "Trouble," and "Illness." Conclusion. The specific features of the emotional attitudes towards different aspects of reality among forcibly displaced persons abroad have been identified. These features form the basis of psychological wellbeing and are indicators of the success of the social-psychological adaptation of forcibly displaced persons abroad. Psychological adaptation of forced migrants in another sociocultural environment requires identifying and engaging all personal resources to overcome a challenging period of life, and developing a positive attitude towards activities, other people, oneself, and life in general.