Динаміка емоційних станів як показник адаптації українських біженців у країнах Європи

Abstract

У статті проаналізовано особливості емоційного компоненту процесу адаптації вимушених українських мігрантів у країнах Європи. Подано результати емпіричного дослідження динаміки мобілізуючих та демобілізуючих компонентів психоемоційного стану українських біженців до та після повномасштабного вторгнення. Визначено особливості актуального емоційного стану та показника нервово-психічного благополуччя.

Introduction. The war in Ukraine has been a factor that triggered large-scale migration processes and determined the dynamics of the psycho-emotional states and mental health of Ukrainian displaced persons. Forced migration has highlighted the issues of social-psychological and cultural adaptation of Ukrainian refugees abroad. In the encounter between two cultures, migrants face significant life changes that are perceived as stressful and require additional mental resources to achieve a satisfactory level of adaptation. Therefore, studying the emotional component of the adaptation process of forced migrants in a new sociocultural environment is becoming an important task. Purpose: To theoretically substantiate and empirically investigate the dynamics of mobilizing and demobilizing components of the psycho-emotional state of Ukrainian refugees before and after the full-scale invasion. Methods. The psycho-emotional states of displaced Ukrainians abroad were diagnosed using the "SUPOS–8" methodology for self-assessment of mobilizing and demobilizing components of the current mental state. The M. Luscher color choice method was used for a differentiated assessment of emotional state and diagnosis of self-regulation effectiveness. The procedure of ranking Luscher's eight colors allowed for the calculation of the coefficient of total deviation from the autogenic norm. Originality. The article analyzes the peculiarities of the emotional component of the adaptation process of forced Ukrainian migrants in European countries. The results of an empirical study on the dynamics of mobilizing and demobilizing components of the psycho-emotional state of Ukrainian refugees before and after the full-scale invasion are presented. The analysis of shifts in the component structure of the subjects' states revealed a decrease in the representation of mobilizing components (mental calm, feeling of strength and energy) and an increase in demobilizing components (fear, apprehension, caution, sadness, melancholy) in the psycho-emotional state of refugees. Analysis of Luscher's color ranking indicates fatigue and irritation among Ukrainian refugees. They have been diagnosed with a tendency towards assertiveness and the need to defend their position, frustration with the need for success and activity, as well as initiative. According to Valneider's coefficient of total deviation from the autogenic norm, it is determined that among the sample of studied refugees, a medium level of unproductive neuro-psychic stress dominates. It is characterized by sufficient resources for physical and mental health, enabling migrants to cope with their life and professional tasks. Conclusion. Transitioning from one cultural context to another involves significant changes that cause stress and require the activation of effective adaptation tools. Among these, processes for evaluating and managing emotional experiences are particularly important. Adaptation to a new sociocultural environment is manifested in the ability to manage cultural stress, communicate appropriately with people from the host culture, establish satisfactory interpersonal relationships with them, engage positively in work activities, and achieve conditions of psychological well-being.