Правове забезпечення меліорації ґрунтів в Україні

Abstract

У статі висвітлено основні питання правового забезпечення меліорації ґрунтів в Україні, узагальнено різноманітні види меліорацій, якими володіє меліоративна практика. Охарактеризовано генетичну природу ґрунтів меліоративного фонду, їхнього екологічного стану, означено перспективи розвитку основних видів меліорації. Розглянуто важливість науково-обгрунтованого вибору та реалізації комплексу меліоративних прийомів. Приводиться нормативно-методичне, законодавчо-правове забезпечення розвитку меліорацій в Україні.

Melioration is a powerful factor affecting the soil and soil cover, which changes the direction, periodicity and speed of soil processes and regimes, and leads to a gradual transformation of soils. The evolution of soils under the influence of various types of land reclamation is characterized by varying degrees of changes in chemical, physicochemical, and agrophysical properties, and in the case of the complex application of various types of land reclamation, high agricultural culture acquires a positive direction, improving soil properties. In the case of a violation of the comprehensive implementation of meliorational effects and agrotechnical measures for the cultivation of agricultural crops, low resource provision, a negative balance of organic substances and an imbalance of macro- and microelements can be formed in the soil. Another determining factor in the change in the purpose of melioration effects on the soil is the transition to the ecological imperative of the agrosphere. This direction is the strategic goal of land reclamation in the foreseeable future, which is of great importance for Ukraine, as the world's leading agrarian state. Solving the problem of investments in the field of soil meioration, which arose due to the disorganization of the legal management of soil and land resources in the conditions of increased natural and anthropogenic loads, global climate changes, violation of the structural and landscape organization of the territory and technical requirements in the system of balanced land use, is gaining increasing relevance, perspective and public demand A feature of law-making practice in Ukraine are numerous environmental laws and departmental regulations, but their implementation is too slow. One of the areas of implementation of the provisions and requirements established by regulatory legal acts in the field of soil reclamation is the development of a regulatory and methodological framework in this field. To ensure the unity and effectiveness of the implementation of regulatory documents at different levels, it is necessary to develop and approve lists of documents, in particular standards, which, in the case of voluntary application, are proof of compliance with the requirements of the current legislation on land reclamation, their use and monitoring. Along with the existence of existing laws, it is necessary to adopt already developed draft laws "On soils and their fertility", "On soil monitoring", "On the removal of degraded and unproductive lands for conservation", "On soil insurance". The Law of Ukraine "On Land Leasing" needs to be revised, which needs to be supplemented in the direction of soil protection obligations on the part of tenants by increasing the minimum lease terms and improving the economic mechanism for stimulating the sustainable use and management of land resources, including their protection from degradation.