Правові аспекти організації туристичної діяльності на території Чорнобильського радіаційно-екологічного біосферного заповідника

Abstract

У публікації висвітлені основні організаційно-правові засади туристичної діяльності на території Чорнобильського радіаційно-екологічного біосферного заповідника. Проаналізовано ключові нормативно-правові акти, які визначають правовий режим території, що зазнала радіаційного забруднення внаслідок аварії на Чорнобильській АЕС, встановлюють правовий статус Чорнобильського радіаційно-екологічного біосферного заповідника, а також передбачають особливості здійснення туристичної діяльності в його межах.

The publication highlights the main organizational and legal principles of the creation and operation of the Chornobyl Radiation-Ecological Biosphere Reserve. The key normative legal acts that determine the legal regime of the territory that suffered radiation contamination as a result of the accident at the Chornobyl NPP are analysed to characterize the legal status of the Chornobyl Radiation and Ecological Biosphere Reserve and the peculiarities of carrying out naturereserve business within its boundaries, as well as establish requirements for the implementation of tourism activities in this area. It is noted that the legal regime of the territory of the Chornobyl radiation and ecological biosphere reserve is mainly determined by the particular Law of Ukraine "On the legal regime of the territory exposed to radioactive contamination as a result of the Chernobyl disaster", which introduced the division into categories of zones of radioactively contaminated territories. Special attention is focused on the normative basis of the activities of the Chornobyl Radiation-Ecological Biosphere Reserve itself, the legal status of which is formed by: the Decree of the President of Ukraine "On the Creation of the Chernobyl Radiation-Ecological Biosphere Reserve", the Regulation on the Chornobyl Radiation-Ecological Biosphere Reserve and the Project for the Organization of the Territory of the Chornobyl Radiation-Ecological Biosphere Reserve and the protection of its natural complexes, which are approved by the relevant orders of the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources of Ukraine. Peculiarities of environmental protection activities within the Chornobyl radiation-ecological biosphere reserve are regulated by the Law of Ukraine "On the Nature Reserve Fund of Ukraine" and the Land and Water Codes of Ukraine. It is emphasized that the peculiarities of conducting tourist activities on the territory of the Chornobyl Radiation and Ecological Biosphere Reserve are regulated based on the Law of Ukraine "On Tourism" and the Instructions on the conditions and requirements for conducting certain types of activities on the territory of the exclusion zone and the zone of unconditional (mandatory) resettlement and control over their observance. It was concluded that the tourist resources of the territory of the Chornobyl radiation-ecological biosphere reserve have a significant attractive potential due to the unique combination of artificial and ecological destinations within this reserve, and the State Agency of Ukraine provides the management of this territory for the Management of the Exclusion Zone.