Порівняльний аналіз забруднення атмосферного повітря автотранспортом у містах Тернопіль та Луцьк

Abstract

Based on the analysis of studies of air pollution by road transport in previous years, the problem of pollution of the city's atmosphere due to emissions from road transport is considered. Since the quality of the atmospheric condition directly affects the physical and psychological well-being of each person, comparative analysis of air quality in the towns of Ternopil and Lutsk is carried out. Hazardous substances can be observed in the atmosphere. One of the most well-known among them is PM 2.5 (particulate matter), which includes small solid microparticles, gases, organic compounds and liquid microdroplets. Another well-known substance is O3 (Ozone). This substance is formed in the atmosphere as a result of the reaction of sunlight (photochemical reactions) with pollutants. Gases such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and nitrogen oxide (NO) are worth mentioning. Nitrogen oxide causes inflammation of the respiratory tract even at short-term concentrations of 200 micrograms. The main sources of NO2 emissions are combustion processes (heating, power generation and vehicles). The combustion of diesel fuel emits sulphur dioxide (SO2), which affects lung function and is an irritant to the eyes. Carbon monoxide (carbon monoxide), or CO, which is the largest emission from motor vehicles. This gas interferes with the distribution of oxygen throughout the body. Carbon monoxide combines with haemoglobin 250 times faster than oxygen.