Дерев’яні церкви Чернігівщини як складові історико-культурної спадщини

Abstract

У статті досліджуються дерев’яні храми Чернігівщини як складові культурно-історичної спадщини. Складений список-перелік дерев’яних храмів у розрізі адміністративних районів області та проаналізовані особливості їх поширення. Охарактеризовано такі церкви: Покрови Пресвятої Богородиці (с. Гайворон), Успіння Пресвятої Богородиці (с. Сваричівка), Покрови Пресвятої Богородиці (с. Синявка), Троїцьку (с. Новий Білоус), Георгіївську (смт. Седнів), Миколаївську (м. Новгород-Сіверський), Успенську (с. Сильченкове), Успенську (с. Волосківці). Також здійснено групування пам’яток дерев’яного зодчества Чернігівщини за часом побудови, що викликає інтерес безпосередньо як у дослідників культурної спадщини регіону, так і у населення загалом. Складено перелік зруйнованих дерев’яних храмів Чернігівщини початку ХХ століття. Побудована картосхема розміщення існуючих та втрачених дерев’яних церков регіону. Проаналізовані можливості розвитку релігійного туризму, який базується на наявності значної кількості сакральних об’єктів.

The revival of the spiritual traditions of the Ukrainian people contributes to the interest strengthening in the spiritual heritage, among which wooden churches occupy an important place. The article examines the wooden temples of Chernihiv region as components of the cultural and historical heritage. It has been established that 47 wooden temples are currently functioning in the territory of Chernihiv region. The authors compiled a list of wooden churches in the section of the administrative districts of the region and analyzed the features of their distribution. It has been established that the majority of wooden churches are common in Chernihiv and Koriuka administrative districts, which are located in the northern and north-western parts of the region. The grouping of monuments of wooden architecture of Chernihiv region according to the time of construction was carried out. The vast majority of wooden churches in Chernihiv region belong to the 18th- 19th centuries. A significant number of wooden churches in the region were destroyed at the beginning of the 20 th century. Based on the compiled list of destroyed temples of this period, it was established that the largest number of temples were destroyed in the Novgorod-Siversky and Chernihiv districts. Unfortunately, the process of destruction of temples continues. Most recently, the Uspenska Church (Kobyzhcha village), the Church of the Intercession of the Holy Virgin (Korynetske village) burned down. At the same time, there is a revival of the traditions of wooden church architecture. There are newly built wooden church buildings on the territory of the region, which date back to the 21st century.The following churches have been characterized: the Church of the Intercession of the Holy Virgin (Haivoron village), Church of the Dormition of the Blessed Virgin (Svarychivka village), the Church of the Intercession of the Holy Virgin (Synyavka village) as the oldest churches of Chernihiv region, Troitska (Novy Bilous village) as an example of the Chernihiv-Siver school of monumental architecture; Georgiyivska (Sedniv town) as an example of monumental wooden buildings of the Left Bank of Ukraine of the Baroque period; Mykolayivska (Novgorod-Siverskyi city) as an example of wooden baroque churches of Chernihiv region; Uspenska (Voloskivtsi village) as an example of Cossack wooden architecture of the Left Bank of the XVII-XVIII centuries; Uspenska (Sylchenkove village) as an example of a religious building in the "parish" style. The wooden churches of Chernihiv region as components of the cultural and historical heritage are of direct interest both to researchers of the cultural heritage of the region and to the general population. A map of the location of the existing and lost wooden churches of the region was made. The opportunities for the development of religious tourism, based on the presence of a significant number of sacred objects, were analyzed.