Порівняльна характеристика функціонального стану організму студенток першого року навчання із різним типом гемодинаміки

Abstract

У статті розглянуто відмінності регуляторних механізмів серцево-судинних реакцій та варіабельності ритму серця в студенток першого року навчання. Встановлено, що у досліджуваних осіб з еукінетичним типом центральної гемодинаміки адаптація до умов навчання в закладі вищої освіти забезпечувалась оптимальними пристосувальними механізмами – невисокі значення ЧСС, СОК, ХОК та ВРС, що свідчили про переважання активності парасимпатичної ланки регуляції. У групі досліджуваних із гіперкінетичним типом зафіксовані вищі показники ЧСС та значення СОК, ХОК, ВРС (р≤0,05), що вказували на посилення роботи системи кровообігу та активність симпатичної ланки АНС.

Differences in the regulatory effects of cardiovascular mechanisms and heart rate variability in female students of the first year of study are considered in this article. A lot of changes occur in the social sphere and in the psychophysiological state of the students' bodies after admission to the higher educational school. Adaptive processes are multi-level and are accompanied by stress on body systems. The most striking functional changes in the body are manifested in changes in the state and functions of the cardiovascular system. The circulatory system is one of the first to be involved in the formation of adaptive reactions under the reflex-regulatory control of the ANS. Individuals with different types of blood circulation are characterized by different adaptation possibilities and different degrees of resistance to the action of extreme influences. The conditions of educational activity in the specialty at the university will be an extreme factor for students of the first year. In order to evaluate central hemodynamic parameters, height and body weight indicators, heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (BPs), diastolic blood pressure (BPd) were obtained at rest. Based on them, the following are calculated: pulse blood pressure (BP), systolic blood volume (SBV), minute blood volume (MBV), body surface area (S), cardiac index (CI). The regulatory effects of ANS were determined by heart rate indicators. Cardio intervals were registered and recorded for 5 minutes. Indicators of vegetative homeostasis were calculated according to the formulas of Baevsky R.M. According to CI indicators, the subject contingent was divided into groups according to the type of hemodynamics: eukinetic (n=70) and hyperkinetic (n=53). The obtained results showed the absence of significant differences in body weight and growth indicators between groups (p ≥ 0.05). The differences between groups were in indicators of central hemodynamics and heart rhythm. It was established that in students with a eukinetic type of central hemodynamics, adaptation to the conditions of a higher educational institution was ensured by optimal adaptive mechanisms - low HR, SBV, MBV and HVR. This indicates the economy in the work of the circulatory system and the predominance of parasympathetic regulation. In students with a hyperkinetic type high HR and SBV, MBV, HVR were recorded (p ≤ 0.05), which indicated an increase in the work of the circulatory system and the activity of the sympathetic branch of the ANS. These indicators in both groups were within the normal range, but in the group with the hyperkinetic type they approached the upper limit (p ≤ 0.05). This indicated an increase in the stress on the regulatory mechanisms in maintaining vegetative homeostasis and the stress on the body's functional reserves of students of this group.