Використання біочару і міскантусу гігантського (Miscanthus giganteus) для ремедіації ґрунту, забрудненого нафтопродуктами

Abstract

Досліджено динаміку основних показників хімічного складу ґрунту, забрудненого нафтопродуктами, під час вирощування міскантусу гігантського (Miscanthus giganteus) та додавання біочару (біовугілля). Проаналізовано можливість використання культури міскантусу і добрива для ремедіації ґрунту за умов забруднення дизельним паливом. Під час вегетації рослин встановлено зниження у ґрунті вмісту нітратів, фосфору і калію та зростання амонію. Найзначніше зменшення концентрації нафтових вуглеводнів у ґрунті було відмічено за умов одночасного додавання біочару і вирощування культури міскантусу, що може ефективно використовуватися для ремедіації земель, забруднених нафтопродуктами.

The dynamics of changes in the chemical composition of soils contaminated with oil products during the vegetation of Miscanthus giganteus, as well as under the conditions of adding biochar (biochar) were studied. The possibility of using the culture of Miscanthus giant and biochar for soil remediation under conditions of oil pollution was analyzed. It was shown that the introduction of biochar into the soil enriched it with nitrate nitrogen, which was actively assimilated by giant miscanthus plants during the growing season. The absorption of nitrate anions by plants was especially active in the second series of the experiment, when the soil + biochar was contaminated with diesel fuel. It was established that the content of NH4 + ions in both series of the experiment increased until the end of the growing season. Obviously, ammonium nitrogen is absorbed to a lesser extent by M. giganteus plants, compared to nitrate. The increase in ammonium content can be additionally caused by the activity of soil microbes in the rhizosphere of plants, which contributes to the accumulation of ammonium nitrogen in the soil. It has been shown that miscanthus plants actively absorbed water-soluble forms of phosphorus, especially in the period from June to September. The application of biochar was a significant source of phosphorus, although its release into the soil is a rather slow process. It was determined that additional amounts of potassium were added to the soil with biochar, which was actively used by the M. giganteus culture. The minimum amounts of potassium in both series of studies were absorbed by plants of E groups, where the content of diesel fuel in the soil was the highest. The introduction of petroleum products had a minor effect on the value of exchangeable acidity. The addition of biochar contributed to the shift of the acid-base balance in the direction of alkalinity, but after the end of the miscanthus vegetation (September), a decrease in the pH of the saline extract of the soil was noted. It is shown that the most noticeable decrease in the concentration of diesel fuel in the soil was noted under the conditions of adding biochar and after growing miscanthus, which can be effectively used for the remediation of lands contaminated by oil products.