Особливості соціалізації дітей з особливими потребами у сучасному українському суспільстві

Abstract

У статті здійснено аналіз поняття «соціалізація» дітей з особливими потребами. Проаналізовано проблеми дітей з особливими освітніми потребами. Обґрунтовано Концепцію розвитку інклюзивної освіти, яка спрямована на виконання вимог міжнародних нормативно- правових документів та на розробку механізмів впровадження інклюзивної освіти. Розкрито особливості соціалізації дітей з особливими потребами у сучасному українському суспільстві. Розглянуто інклюзивний підхід, під яким розуміють створення таких умов, за яких усі діти мають однаковий доступ до освіти, однакові можливості отримати досвід, знання та подолати упереджене ставлення до тих, хто має «особливі потреби».

The article analyzes the concept of "socialization" of children with special needs. The problems of children with special educational needs are analyzed. The concept of development of inclusive education is grounded, which aims at fulfilling the requirements of international normative and legal documents and developing mechanisms of implementation of inclusive education. The features of socialization of children with special needs in modern Ukrainian society are revealed. An inclusive approach is considered to understand the creation of conditions in which all children have equal access to education, equal opportunities to gain experience, knowledge and to overcome prejudiced attitudes towards those with special needs. The most pressing issue in today's education system is inclusive education for children with disabilities and special needs in a single educational space. Each country has its own experience of special education for such children, having gone the different way from integration to inclusion. Most children with special needs in Ukraine, at home or boarding school, do not receive the proper education, necessary knowledge, skills and practice that would enable them to adapt to society in a normal way, gain a profession, promote self- development, self-fulfillment, self-improvement, personality in later life. Consequently, such children find themselves unprepared for life in the usual sense for the average person. In total, there are about 1 million children with special educational needs in Ukraine. And only 10% of them are enrolled in inclusive schools, while the rest do not actually have the opportunity to adapt to life. Therefore, the realization of the rights to education for children with special needs is considered as one of the most important tasks of today. Obtaining quality general and vocational education for such children is one of the basic and essential conditions for their effective socialization, ensuring full participation in society, successful self-realization in various types of professional and social activities.