Українські прізвища на -ай, -ей, -ій (на прикладі сучасних прізвищ Покуття)

Abstract

Проаналізовано сучасні прізвища Покуття на -ай, -ей, -ій. Встановлено, які розряди лексики стали етимонами аналізованих прізвищ; досліджено семантику прізвищевих основ; охарактеризовано особливості творення українських прізвищ.

The purpose of this research is to analyse modern surnames of Pokuttya, which end in -ay, -ey, -iy. In the course of the investigation it was determined which categories of vocabulary served as etymons of the analysed surnames. In particular, characteristic features of the formation of Ukrainian surnames are identified. The article analyses more than 300 modern surnames, collected in the villages of Pokuttya during 2005-2011. Most researchers agree that the main means of creation of Ukrainian surnames were morphological and semantic. The semantic mean of creation of Ukrainian last names consists in the transition of personal proper names, nicknames and appellate identifications of a person into generic sign without any structural transformations, that is, only as a result of changing the function. The morphological mean of formation is to create new anthroponyms with the help of special surname suffixes. A characteristic feature of the names of the morphological mean is that they were formed only from personal names with the help of suffixes. Ukrainian anthroponymy did not have special suffixes for the creation of surnames, but used the possibilities of its language and adapted them to the onomastic system, while taking into account its possibilities and needs. The etymons of most surnames in -ay and -ey are nicknames category nomina personalia. We can assume that for most surnames in -ey, motivated by nicknames, the suffix -ey expresses a shade of slight neglect and is probably a variant of suffix -iy. The etymons of surnames in -iy are mainly Christian men's names. Analysed surnames are not productive and are registered throughout the territory of Ukraine. However, the most surnames in -ey are fixed in the Transcarpathia, and the surnames in -ay are more frequent in the East of the country. The connectivity of polyfunctional suffixes -ay, -ey, -iy was unlimited in the studied territory. The analysed formants in the appellative vocabulary can perform the word-forming function (diminutive, attributive, agentive), and in anthroponymy it is patronymic or possessive. Many surnames with such suffixes have an ambiguous word-formation structure.