Методичні аспекти ландшафтної організації басейнових територій (на прикладі Криму)

Abstract

Розглянуті сучасні конструктивно-географічні уявлення про ландшафтну організацію, запропоновано визначення поняття "ландшафтна організація басейнових територій". Складена методика ландшафтної організації басейнових територій Криму з урахуванням особливостей річкового басейну як парадинамической системи, запропоновані рекомендації щодо організації модельних річкових басейнів

Рассмотрены современные конструктивно-географические представления о ландшафтной организации, предложено определение понятия "ландшафтная организация бассейновых территорий". Составлена методика ландшафтной организации бассейновых территорий Крыма с учетом особенностей речного бассейна как парадинамической системы, предложены рекомендации по организации модельных речных бассейнов.

The modern geographical concepts of landscape organization have been considered. A definition of notion "landscape organization of basin territories" is offered, it means a science-based landscape and hydrological organization of river basin with optimal ratio of natural areas and economic used territories, with fully realized landscape potential. The basis of landscape organization of the river basin is the environment-forming territory framework which is formed by the system of protection zones along the main river, its branches and reservoirs, coastal protective zones along the sea and also especially preserved territories (reservations). The methodic of landscape organization of the Crimean basin territories is drawn up by the author with the use of landscape planning tools concerning characteristics of river basin as paradynamic system. The elevation models derived from the SRTM data was used (for the first time for the Crimean basins) in ArcGIS and application ArcHydro. In the process of landscape organisation of river basin territories estimations of hydrological functions (drain forming, drain regulating and water-protecting) are carried out, methods of landscape-hydrological zoning are applied. Proposed methodic was tested on model basins in the Crimea and recommendations on landscape organization for these river basins are offered. The landscape plan of the Salgir river and Voron river basins was drawn, the following functional zones were picked out: areas requiring special protection (reservations and econet); extensively used areas (reservoirs, protection zones); especially vulnerable areas (with development of negative processes); intensively used areas as the most transformed territories with high economic and aesthetic value (settlements, agricultural lands, the elements of the transport network). Allocation of zones provides the complex of actions on stabilization of the ecological situation in the basin territories, improvement the quality and quantity of water resources in the Crimea.