Розвиток і становлення вчення про клімат ґрунту

Abstract

У статті висвітлено основні напрямки та етапи в історії кліматологічних досліджень ґрунту. Проаналізовано літературні джерела з метою вивчення розвитку науки про клімат ґрунтів, її становлення у різних країнах та в різний час. Охарактеризовано внесок ґрунтознавців у дослідження клімату ґрунтів Волинського Полісся

В статье освещены основные направления и этапы истории климатологических исследований почвы. Проанализировано литературные источники с целью изучения развития науки о климате почв, ее становление в разных странах и в разное время. Охарактеризирован вклад почвоведов в изучении климата почв Волынского Полесья

In the article it is dealt with main directions and stages of soil’s climatic investigations history, it’s development in different countries and in different times. Soil climate was investigated by climatologists, soilscientists, but no one used the “soil climate” term. At the first time this term was used by S. S. Neustrujev and then it developed into a detailed doctrine. Soil climate represents the dynamics of thermal and hydro processes in soil, which determines the direction and intensity of soil formation. That’s why in current global warming conditions soil climate investigations are more than actual. There is a characterization of soilscientists contribution in Volynian Polissya soil climate studies and it’s state nowadays. The development of research in the field of land evaluation, diagnosis of their condition and the manifestation of the degradation process results in applied direction in the study of soils in Ukraine. The prolonged cultivation, reclamation and development in conditions of increasing anthropogenic pressure raises complex relationships in the system "soil-plant-atmosphere-surface and ground water", which leads to expression of the cultural process of soil formation and as a consequence - the change in soil fertility. The main factors forming soil fertility is the climate, soil physical properties, geological and geomorphological conditions, vegetation, human impact. It should be noted that the activity of the interaction of these factors depends on the climatic conditions that are formed over a long period of geological time. This implies that soil as a "mirror of the landscape" not only reflects this interaction, but becomes its own climatic features. Therefore, it is "climate soil" reflects the dynamics of heat and water processes of the soil, which determine the nature of the vegetation, the direction and intensity of soil formation process.