Особливості дизайну меблів-трансформерів у країнах Західної Європи кінця ХХ – початку ХХІ століття

Abstract

У статті досліджено сучасні тенденції в дизайні меблів-трансфомерів на прикладі західноєвропейських проектних пропозицій та реалізованих об’єктів меблевого мистецтва. Виявлено прийоми трансформації форми та різноманітні конструктивні рішення, що були застосовані для створення систем трансформації в об’єктах дизайну меблів. Охарактеризовано основні концептуальні напрями створення меблів-трансформерів у країнах Західної Європи кінця ХХ – початку ХХІ ст.

В статье проанализированы современные тенденции в дизайне мебели- трансфомера на примере западноевропейских проектных предложений и реализованных объектов мебельного искусства. Выявлены композиционные приемы трансформации формы и различные конструктивные решения, которые были применены для создания систем трансформации в объектах мебельного дизайна. Охарактеризованы основные концептуальные направления создания мебели-трансформера в странах Западной Европы конца ХХ – начала XXI вв.

The article explored current trends in design of furniture-transfomers on the example of Western European project proposals implemented projects and furniture of the end of XX – XXI centuries. The author analyzed the formation of the modern furniture-transformers. It is noted that the development of new technologies of production of furniture and modern non-traditional or modified traditional materials has led to new approaches in creating furniture design forms at the turn of the XX – XXI centuries. From the materials of research it was found that fame furniture-transformers were in the second half of the twentieth century when massive building large cities typical series of residential buildings has led to a large number of small apartments that caused the combine in one room features a bedroom, living room, nursery and office. The presence of tight spaces has become a prerequisite urgent need for furniture that could provide comfortable accommodation for families in such circumstances. Together with the needs of multifunctionality of furniture-transformers are relevant requirements of portability and compactness of these objects as the subject of «vanishing» interior – as not the most important furniture and their purpose. There by, in the XXI century, there is a need of forming the subject-spatial environment means manufacturing transformers, potential is not yet fully explored and exhausted, especially with the advent of new electronic technologies used for transformation. In this context, the question of determining the characteristics of formation, expression of basic structural differences and define conceptual areas creating furniture-transformers for example Western European projects. The analysis of illustrative material led to the conclusion that the production of experimental models of furniture-transformers, except for the simplest folding models (tables and chairs, sofa and chairs) are not adjusted series, as deemed unprofitable. This furniture is more expensive to manufacture than other types of furniture. Outside of serial production are such useful items as secretary and bureau, «growing» children’s furniture-transformer, workplaces for schoolchildren or students cabinets, containers with multifunctional inner structure. All these products are multifunctional and comfortable, indicating the feasibility of their use in modern residential interior design. In this article was detected the main features of forming manufacturing transformers: the creation of combined manufacturing transformers or by using modular elements or a combination of different elements; the transformation of form by use of «compression-sliding» form; the use of X-shaped folding transformation of furniture; the extension of various items from one volume. In the research was discovered conceptual directions in Western European design of furniture-transformers: the mechanized furniture-transformers for people with disabilities; Children’s furniture toys transformers; the transformation of the object in small geometric shape for easy storage, transport and use; the meet of everyday needs of man; the creation of multifunctional furniture containers. The investigation of Western European examples of furniture-transformers, led to the manifestation of the basic design solutions, combining the elements by «puzzle» system; the use of modular frame construction and a variety of fillings; the use of interdependency fasteners; the connection of elements combined manufacturing transformers through the use of auxiliary fasteners; the use of electronic devices response; the implementation of folding systems. The analysis of modern Western European examples of furniture-transformers showed that this trend in furniture design is common, multidirectional and reasonable. Furniture-transformers is not a demonstration of modern transformation into shape, and the desire to solve the problems of compact habitation, preservation of living space, providing polyfunctionality objects of furniture design.