Збірник «Гаївки» Володимира Гнатюка – перше монографічне видання в Україні

Abstract

У статті розглянуто історію підготовки і видання монографічного збірника «Гаївки» В. Гнатюка. Звернено увагу на новаторські підходи вченого до упорядкування та систематизації пісенного матеріалу в збірнику і виокремлення його з-поміж багатьох інших аналогічних видань. Проаналізовано «Мелодії гаївок» О. Роздольського-Ф. Колесси як складової вищезазначеного видання з урахуванням структурного підходу до їхньої систематизації.

В статье рассмотрена история подготовки и издания монографического сборника «Гаивки» В. Гнатюка. Обращено внимание на новаторские подходы ученого к составлению и систематизации песенного материала в сборнике и выделение его из многих других аналогичных изданий. Проанализированы «Мелодии гаивок» А. Роздольского-Ф. Колессы как составляющей вышеупомянутого издания с учетом структурного подхода к их систематизации.

The paper drawn attention to the innovative principles used by V. Hnatiuk preparation for publication of the book «Hayivkas». Noted that training and out of the collection «Hayivkas» V. Hnatiuk were caused, primarily active damping ritual folklore and entering it in other songs (by flow and conventional) genres. These processes are noticed and he compiled this book, noting that hayivky begin to recede and serve only as fragments in the last complete semantic definition for the songs. Such observations diffusion processes in folklore and became the impetus for intensive collective activity V. Gnatyuk spring and winter calendar ceremonial folk-song genres – traditional hayivkа, carols and shсhedrivkа. Attention is paid to the fact that the publication «Hayivkas» V. Hnatiuk belonged to another of completed projects Scientific Society by Shevchenko, which was actively involved except V. Hnatiuk also Rosdolsky A. and F. Kolessa. A. Rоzdolsky been authorized to make the trip to dispatch records melodies of hayivkas and F. Kolessa decipher them and organize to complement the collection and give it etnomusic knowing character. Shown to be a collection of «Hayivkas» V. Hnatiuk – a kind of Western Ukrainian hayivkas first anthology consisting of two parts. In the first published hayivky 184 texts from options to them recorded in 14 districts of Galichina. The second part presents a collection of 180 songs. The publication offers an introductory article that made songs characteristic of the genre and presents a comprehensive history of their collection and publication. Attention is paid to a number of innovative principles used in the collection of V. Hnatiuk «Hayivkas». In particular noted that the principle was innovative grouping song material. Compiled divided into two groups. The first he took samples of older folk layers, and the second – the songs later origin. All material is systematized in the way they are implemented. Therefore compiler divides them into «two chorus» and «one chorus» – dialogic and monologic. A separate group in the book «Hayivkas» V. Hnatiuk presented humorous hayivky. A separate group in the book «Hayivkas» V. Hnatiuk up stories of home and family and of social issues. Pioneering in the book «Hayivkas» V. Hnatiuk is the fact that he gave in the preface list of publications (17), in which there are songs of spring calendar ceremonial cycle with a particular tag numbers of songs from the collection of Vaclav from Olesko «Piesni polskie i ruskie ludu galicyjskiego » (1833) and ending with «Galytsian-Russian folk songs with melodies» I. Kolessa (1902). In addition, at the end of each song sample- «nests» (in the modern name – song paradigm) submitted the names of sources, which are printed parallel to the same songs. Such scientific innovation makes it possible to trace the dynamics of folklore not only diachronic and also synchronic levels. Publication of a «Hayivkas» V. Hnatiuk was actually beginning to attack the scientific period in the history of Ukrainian musical folklore and has become an example for imitation by the other schools etnomusic school of Europe.