Народна тематика у творчості художників Тернопільського фарфорового заводу

Abstract

У статті проаналізовано особливості формотворення та декорування виробів художників Тернопільського фарфорового заводу, які у своїй творчості зверталися до традицій народного мистецтва. Виявлено, що різноманітні техніки декорування впливали на художню виразність творів, а творчість митців відповідала тогочасним естетичним реаліям.

В статье проанализированы особенности формообразования и декорирования изделий художников Тернопольского фарфорового завода, которые в своем творчестве обращались к традициям народного искусства. Выявлено, что различные техники декорирования влияли на художественную выразительность изделий, а творчество художников отвечало эстетическим реалиям того времени.

The opening of Ternopil Porcelain Factory in 1964 provided the people of Ternopil region and Western Ukraine with porcelain tablaware. The appeal of formation and decorating of products to folk subjects in 1960–1980 was especially actual. Crafts in Ukraine were developing actively at that time. They were: artistic woodworking, decorative painting, artistic embroidery. Artistic expression of porcelain wares depends on plastic-textured production and manner of decoration. To enrich the artistic expression masters potters tried to use technical modeling capabilities, to expand product range and decorating techniques. Mass production, somewhat low logistics predetermined some limitations in the artists’ work. One of the best examples of the factory production was decoration «Narodny Uzor» (National pattern). It was marked with a high skill styling of Ukrainian painting, designed by the first major artist of the factory Peter Tarasenko, to the tea set «Ranok» (Morning). The shapes of teapots resemble pottery (pitcher, pot), which especially brings together service and folk art. Lyubov Kostenko applied motifs of decorative woodcarving in design of porcelain wares, as shown in decals figure «Melodii Karpat» (Melodies of the Carpathians) to the set of dishes «Medobory» and souvenir kumanets «Verkhovyna». The complexity of centric composition is combined with definition of geometric-floral ornaments and monochrome of ocher-brown palette. The leading artist of factory Vitaliy Horolyuk often turned to the origins of folk art in decorating and shaping his handiworks. He produced kumanets, pleskanky, barrels, decorative plates, gift vases and sets, that were adorned with motifs of Ukrainian decorative painting (Cossacks, birds, floral compositions and their combination). Petrykivsky painting is especially impressive on large gift vases in traditional yellow-red-green coloration. There are clearly traced Ukrainian motifs in the works of artist Mary Tereshchuk. She has designed a decoration to the kitchen set «Vesillya» (The Wedding), in which the story is taken from tile and pottery made by the known master of painted ceramics of the XIX century Oleksa Bakhmatyuk from Hutsulshchyna. Mary Tereshchuk often applied to the samples of Ukrainian folk embroidery. The geometric pattern «Prykarpattya» (Carpathian) for the set of dishes «Medobory» was created as embroidery and done in four colors - red, black, brown and yellow. We can see the same appeal to the motifs of folk embroidery with oblique interpretation of black and red images, seen in the figure «Vyshyvanka» (Embroidery), using which she has decorated set of dishes «Romashka» (Daisy). The color palette and compositional method of decoration are typical for Borschiv embroidered shirts. The artist represented natural and architectural landscapes of her native city in thematic compositions «Ternopilski krayevydy» (Ternopil views), and folk motifs in «Malyovnycha Ukrayina» (Picturesque Ukraine). In the last one there is a depiction of song creativity of Ukrainian people, including the famous song «Nese Galya vodu» (Galya brings the water). In gift produсts of the factory we see the reference to a theme of Cossack’s period. Gift set «Cozatska zbroya» (Сossack’s weapon) Volodymyr Spytsya and decoration plates «Hetmany Ukrainy» (Hetmans of Ukraine) Olesya Tomkiv show national tone creative search artists. Gift set «Cozatska zbroya» made in the form of Mace, a symbol of the Hetman’s power, and two tubes for the area. Thus, the creation of artists of Ternopil Porcelain Factory was closely associated with inexhaustible traditions of folk art. The appeal to the principles of folk subjects in the years 1960-1980 in Ukraine was especially actual. To provide aesthetic value of products most artists used various plastic-textured solutions and decorating techniques based on the color palette decoration. Decoration and shaping of porcelain made by artists P. Tarasenko, V. Horolyuk, L. Kostenko, M. Tereshchuk, V. Spytsya, O. Tomkiv was based on appeal to the traditional folk pottery designs, embroidering, art woodworking, decorative painting.