Збірник Йосифа Роздольського-Станіслава Людкевича «Галицько-руські народні мелодії» та його оцінка українськими вченими

Abstract

У статті звернено увагу на новаторські принципи, застосовані Й. Роздольським і С. Людкевичем при систематизації та транскрибуванні збірника «Галицько-руські народні мелодії». Розглянуто способи транскрипції пісенного матеріалу, використані С. Людкевичем у збірнику «Галицько-руські народні мелодії». Подано матеріал, пов’язаний з оцінкою українських і зарубіжних вчених-фольклористів, який був опублікований після виходу збірника.

В статье обращено внимание на новаторские принципы, использованные И. Роздольским и С. Людкевичем при систематизации и транскрипции сборника «Галицкоруськие народные мелодии». Рассмотрено способы транскрипции песенного материала, использованные С. Людкевичем в сборнике «Галицко-руськие народные мелодии». Подано материал, связанный с оценкой украинских и зарубежных ученых-фольклористов, который был опубликован после выхода сборника.

The article is focused upon the fact that Joseph Rozdolskyi’s and Stanislav Liudkevych’s «Galicia and Russia folk melodies» collection which was published in the Shevchenko Scientific Society publishing house in 1906–1908 is an innovative phenomenon in the history of the Ukrainian musical study of folklore. Being its compiling editor, S. Liudkevych practically used his own culture and genre folk song folklore system which is based on its functions in folk’s lives and the conditions under which it is used. The photographical (maximally exact) way of folk songs transcription was for the first time used in the collection. Song material systematisation is based upon the structural principle, i.e. typical nature of the lyrics and melody which made it possible to most precisely identify the melotypology of this or that song genre. By that time the whole song material has been systematised according to the literary principle which was based on the song plot and its sense filling (if it was justified in oral folklore, then it was beyond the borders of structural typology and functioning in musical one). The main emphasis in «Galicia and Russia folk melodies» collection is put upon the structural typology which is based upon the rhythmical poem and melody structure model. Such a systematisation principle made it possible to look at a folk song not only from the point of view of its sense filling but also of its genre and typology features. Actually, such a musical folklore systematisation principle was the reason for «Galicia and Russia folk melodies» collection to become one of the main European ethnomusicological collections. Аttention is paid to the fact that a number of innovatory signs in folk melodies transcribing has been used in Joseph Rozdolskyi’s and Stanislav Liudkevych’s «Galicia and Russia folk melodies» collection. For instance, the time segmentation has been made based upon song time segmentation but not upon the downbeat and backbeat principle as while singing folk songs the accentuation can in no way be heard and serve as a principle for the time identification. Besides, S. Liudkevych was the first among the Ukrainian transcribers to use the glissando sign and variation differences in melodies and to pay attention to tempo signs usage necessity, absolute height while singing, reduction of the transcriptions to the medium modes etc. It has been specified that due to the innovatory approaches in folk melodies compiling and transcribing Joseph Rozdolskyi’s and Stanislav Liudkevych’s «Galicia and Russia folk melodies» collection had been highly estimated by Ukrainian and foreign folklore specialists and ethnomusicologists. In his collection review I. Franko mentioned that it was a valuable beginning in the history of national music. K. Kvitka’s evaluation of the collection was ambiguous. After the collection had been published he called it a dry and cheerless work because of the accepted material classification. However, almost in 20 years his assessment changed dramatically. He called Joseph Rozdolskyi’s and Stanislav Liudkevych’s «Galicia and Russia folk melodies» collection an example of rhythmical systematisation in compiling melodies and regretted having not used this principle in compiling his «Ukrainian folk melodies» collection published in 1922. Joseph Rozdolskyi’s and Stanislav Liudkevych’s «Galicia and Russia folk melodies» collection was highly estimated by F. Kolessa in his First Ukrainian enlightenment and economy congress report in 1909 in Lviv. The scholar considered the collection to be the fullest edition among the already published ones. The Hungarian scholar and folklore specialist Ya. Shepredi has also highly evaluated Joseph Rozdolskyi’s and Stanislav Liudkevych’s collection. He praised the selected and systematised according to the new principle song material and encouraged the Hungarians to get acquainted with the Ukrainian folklore better. He encouraged the Hungarian folklore specialists to systematise and to transcribe the local song material according to the S. Liudkevych’s principle.