Соціокультурна місія українських співаків діаспори у Шевченківських святкуваннях першої половини ХХ століття (за матеріалами Празького архіву)

Abstract

У статті на основі джерельних матеріалів Державного архіву Чеської Республіки висвітлено соціокультурну місію українських співаків діаспори у Шевченківських святкуваннях першої половини ХХ ст. Виокремлено роль громадських організацій у проведенні святкувань, шляхом контент-аналізу встановлено кількість цих святкувань, частоту і кількість виступів на них українських співаків, виявлено персональний склад вокалістів, здійснено типологію концертів та охарактеризовано репертуар.

В статье на основе материалов Государственного архива Чешской Республики освещена социокультурная миссия украинских певцов диаспоры в Шевченковских торжествах первой половины ХХ века. Выделана роль общественных организаций в проведении торжеств, путем контент-анализа установлено количество этих мероприятий, частотность и количество выступлений на них украинских певцов, виявлен персональный состав вокалистов, осуществлена типология концертов и характеристика репертуара.

200th Anniversary from the day of birth of the prophet of the Ukrainian nation, poet and artist Taras Grygorovych Shevchenko (1814–1861) conditions researches of paying tribute to his name and celebrations not only on the territory of the native land but also beyond it – in the diaspora. The article, grounding on the source materials of the State Archives of the Czech Republic, highlights sociocultural mission of Ukrainian singers of the diaspora in Shevchenko celebrations of the first half of XX cent. It distinguishes the role of public organizations in Shevchenko celebrations, with the help of the content analysis it establishes a number of these celebrations, frequency and number of performances of the Ukrainian singers at the latter; the article discovers personal composition of vocalists, performs typology of concerts and characterizes repertoire. Among 104 vocalists who participated in Shevchenko celebrations of the interwar period there are celebrated in Europe performers (Modest Mentsynskyi, Oleksandr Nosalevych, Roman Lyubynetskyi, Orest Rusnak, Mykhailo Golynskyi, Mariya Sokil, Klym Chichka-Andriyenko, Myroslav Skala-Starytskyi), famous opera and concert-chamber singers (Iryna Turkevych-Martynets, Mariya Grebinetska, Ivanna Synenka-Ivanytska, Olga Grozovska, Anda Ostapchuk, Dmytro Levytskyi, Vasyl Tysiak, Grygoriy Dyachenko, Nina Dyachenkova-Gordash, Ivan Ptytsya, Mariya Valiyska, Yevgeniya Mozgova) etc. When characterizing the repertoire of Ukrainian singers, that was being performed at these concerts, it was distinguished that concert-chamber compositions (solo singings and ensembles) of Ukrainian composers to the words of Taras Shevchenko (М. Lysenko, М. Kropyvnytskyi, K. Stetsenko, V. Zaremba, Y. Kyshakevych, Ya. Yaroslavenko, O. Nyzhankivskyi, D. Sichynskyi, M. Boychenko, Ya. Stepovyi, G. Davydovskyi, F. Yakymenko, V. Barvinskyi, Z. Lysko, Yu. Meytus, G. Dyachenko, V. Bezkorovaynyi, M. Gayvoronskyi, A. Shtogarenko) prevailed. One of the central Ukrainian cultural-educational institutions of Prague in this period was M. Drahomanov Ukrainian High Institute of Pedagogics (established in 1923) where institution fests (concerts, academies, school fests) were frequent. The important thing is that teachers as well as students, a part of who with the lapse of time became leading singers of Czech opera theatres, took part in them. Thus, there were conservation and passing on of traditions of Ukrainian vocal school from older generation to younger one, educational process took place not only in the institute classes but also on the concert platform. Involvement into celebrations of a wide circle of students and pupils enriched them with unvalued experience that they shift to their next creative activity in different countries. Shevchenko celebrations spurred composer and performance creativity, made better works of the Ukrainian music and modern repertoire actual, promoted a dialogue of the cultures, in particular Ukrainian and Czech cultures. Part of Ukrainian singers of the diaspora performed or were leading soloists of opera theatres of European countries. Their participation in Shevchenko celebrations, to most of which a high level of organization and execution was peculiar, enhanced prestige of Ukrainian concerts. All these factors not only increased the level of the Ukrainian music culture but also favored its development in the world cultural space, consolidation of Ukrainians beyond the native land. Thus, sociocultural mission of Ukrainian singers of the diaspora in Shevchenko celebrations of the first half of XX cent. consisted in preservation and promotion of vocal inheritance of Ukrainian composers among emigrants as well as peoples where they lived, ensuring of the professional level of Shevchenko celebrations in different countries of the world, cultivation of aesthetic sense of a Ukrainian listener-emigrant, integration of Ukrainian music culture into the cultural space, enhancement of the authority of Ukraine, revival of the interest toward its culture. Considering the fact that Shevchenko celebrations took place every year in different countries of the world we can speak about their large-scale dimension.