Сучасні прилади для підсвічування об’єктів просторового середовища: типологія і характеристики

Abstract

У статті досліджено способи освітлення і типи освітлювальної апаратури. Зроблено класифікацію освітлювальної апаратури, способів та методів освітлення. Запропоновано поєднання різноманітних типів освітлювальної апаратури при вирішенні ряду інженерних, архітектурних та художніх завдань. Обґрунтовано, що всі згадані світильники завдяки своїм характеристикам дають змогу надати зовнішності будівлі вишуканого або незвичайного вигляду, повністю перетворивши її.

В статье исследовано способы освещения и типы осветительной аппаратуры. Сделано классификацию осветительной аппаратуры, способов и методов освещения. Предложено сочетание различных типов осветительной аппаратуры при решении ряда инженерных, архитектурных и художественных задач. Обосновано, что все вышеназванные светильники, благодаря своим характеристикам дают возможность придать облику здания изысканный или необычный вид, полностью преобразить его.

Relevance of the research on types of lighting of spatial environment is caused by rising of requirements to the quality of urban and architectural-object environment, including light-colored. It is possible to provide every city space with originality and novelty in the evening and night time with the help of artificial lighting. Lighting of entrances to the city, highlighting of monuments, obelisks, facades of buildings and sacred buildings is the part of complex city-planning and lighting solutions and solves the problem of architectural and decorative expression and comfort of space. Light-colored city environment has become a new branch of creative activity that combines collaboration of architects, engineers and designers. Due to the latest technologies in the area of lighting and new types of lighting equipment, modern methods of static and dynamic highlighting and a higher level of requirements to comfort, it is possible to state that this theme requires a detailed study. The aim of our work is to study lighting and lighting equipment as the subject of design and creative activity of designer of space environment. Today most economical light source LED lights are considered that are powered by solar panels complete with battery. The high cost of fixtures offset the lack of spending on electricity. This system operates offline. The only downside is that on cloudy days the battery may not charge enough. The familiar street poles with lamps allow the use of LEDs, halogen and conventional incandescent lamps. These lamps as lighting suspended type well to styling and widely used in the design of old buildings. Lighting used for architectural lighting design can be both traditional forms and quite specialized, designed for a specific application. However, even traditional lamps can be used outside the box. Implementation of large lighting architectural projects typically associated with the use of energy-saving devices: metal-halogen and LED light sources. Taking into consideration the current possibilities of lighting technology and tendencies of development of the world design, it is necessary to explore ways of lighting and types of lighting equipment. Only the combination of methods and ways of lighting, various types of lighting equipment would solve a number of engineering, architectural and artistic problems. Consequently, various lamps, due to its characteristics, make it possible to completely transform the appearance of building, making living house as imperial palace or alien spacecraft by changing these pictures “on the fly”. In this case, for example, even the use of conventional roadside lamps not as lighting equipment, as well as independent elements of created image, can work on holistic perception of the overall artistic idea. And the lighting of paths and sidewalks will be made by other lamps, hidden from view by drawing, for example, pavement or forest trail on ordinary asphalt. The wealth of opportunities, offered by modern technology, allows to implement the flight of the boldest imagination.