Інструментальний фольклор Херсонщини (з рукописів Віктора Кисіля)

Abstract

У статті відображено музично-інструментальні традиції Херсонщини за матеріалами польових досліджень музикознавця-етнографа Віктора Кисіля. Проаналізовано записи фольклору в рукописах дослідника, дано характеристику віднайдених музичних інструментальних традицій, визначено практичну цінність рукописів В. Кисіля.

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В статье отражены музыкально-инструментальные традиции Херсонщины по материалам полевых исследований музыковеда-этнографа Виктора Киселя. Проанализированы записи фольклора в рукописях исследователя, охарактеризованы найденные музыкальные инструментальные традиции, определена практическа ценность рукописей В. Киселя.

The instrumental-performing traditions of the settlers of separate Kherson regions, based on the materials of a musicologist and ethnographer Victor Kysil field studies, are represented. A folklore situation in Kherson region is difficult and insufficiently researched, that is why the purpose of this article is a representation of V. Kysil manuscripts, the studying of which allows to complete our knowledge about the region’s music traditions. The folklore records and researcher’s introductory comments analysis was implemented. The characteristic of the founded musical instrumental traditions, musical instruments and folk performers was given. Researches of the musicologist-ethnographer V. Kysil are alternated with scientific expeditions under the leadership of an outstanding scientist-folklorist I. Matsiievskyi by the term of studies, and they are often coincided by the districts that were subject for research. Studying of I. V. Matsiievskyi materials and V. I. Kysil records, the similarity of their findings, allow to make a conclusion about the nonrandomness, constancy of traditions in certain areas of their existence. Manuscript analysis of the researcher has revealed that a specific weight of instrumental music is significantly less than the vocal music in traditional Kherson region society life, but its positions are still stable in home music making, during family and religious holidays. The most used instruments in traditional musical everyday life are a violin, harmonica, accordion, mandolin, domra, balalaika, tambourine, drum and others. The identified instruments are used in amateur individual and ensemble playing by their functions in a folk everyday life. The manuscripts of an author single out four violin folk traditions in Kherson region in general: traditions of Boiky, Lemky, Poltava region and Shahany. V. Kysil indicates that he could not have recorded especially folk violinists of local origin in Kherson region, although the memories of local residents about such musicians in Belozerka village of Kherson region were preserved. Instrumental folklore music making is saved the most between the migrants from Carpathians, and is widely represented in “boyky” violin tradition, where the basic instrumental genre is “kolomyika”. The most common genre of instrumental music of not Carpathian origin is music “for dance” (by A. Ivanytskyi): kozachok, hopak, polka, cracovienne, karapet etc. It should be mentioned that, by the manuscript materials, a dominant is owned by the Ukrainian instrumental traditions in traditional music culture of multiethnic Tavria subregion. Among them are Carpathian, Poltava region and South Ukrainian folk music making traditions. Traditional Kherson instrumental art, in most cases, has amateur origins, but acquired the features of folklore existence. A practical value of V. Kysil manuscripts consists in the fact, that this work could complete the scientific searches of the specialists and give the guidelines for unexplored folklore layers, which need the further development.