Идеал мужской святости в древнекиевской агиографической и певческой традициях (на примере образов Антония и Феодосия Печерских)

Abstract

В статье исследовано исторические и источниковедческие проблемы певческой службы святым Антонию и Феодосию Печерским. Рассмотрено особенности формирования культа древнерусских святых на агиографическом и богослужебно-певческом уровнях. Проведен анализ вербального и невменного текста указанных служб, который выделяет круг духовных качеств святых и характеризующие их мелизматические фигуры и попевки.

У статті досліджено історичні і джерелознавчі проблеми співочої служби святим Антонію и Феодосію Печерським. Розглянуто особливості формування культу давньоруських святих на агіографічному та богослужбово-співочому рівнях. Проведено аналіз вербального та невменного тексту вказаних служб, який виокремлює коло духовних якостей святих та мелізматичні фігури і поспівки, які їх характеризують.

The article focuses on the incarnation in ancient hagiographic and church-singing tradition of male aspects of Orthodox holiness in the face of one of the first saints Ancient Kyiv – the monks of Kiev-Pechersk monastery Anthony and Theodosius. The most characteristic of the medieval culture type of holiness – the ascetic monk – these materials reveal the traditional set of topoi, concepts and symbols in a hagiographic and liturgical texts, which deeply reveal the spiritual qualities of the saints of the early Christian period in the history of Kievan Rus laid the foundations of the monastic life and became a model of service to the Orthodox Church. Basic information about the life and heroism of sanctity of ancient saints, we find in their Lives (“Life of Theodosius” is written in the 80 years of XI century Nestor the Chronicler, the life of St. Anthony remained fragmented as part of a series of written records). In the lives of these, according to the requirements of the genre, represented by the traditional narrative motifs (born of pious parents, the attraction to the church since childhood, a new monastery device, etc.). Art Lives of the dominant religious motive is likening the angels. Services Pechersk saints, including their singing side, little studied in domestic science. Backed by Cyril Belozersky list znamenny singing manuscripts 80th. of the XVI century, in which there is a service of Theodosius, the author reveals a fairly complete version of the hook Old Russian sacred service, which includes more than 15 hymns, which was not considered medievalist and introduced for the first time in the scientific revolution. Text analysis of ancient Russian life Theodosius Pechersky and modern text service Anthony and Theodosius showed a circle of spiritual qualities of the holy monk, that is inherent in them: divine wisdom, God Mind, wisdom and knowledge of God; luminosity; enlightenment; spirituality associated with assimilation to Christ; chastity; purity; meekness; tihost; humility; forgiveness; love; austerity; hard work; spiritual guidance, ease of mind, the spiritual gift of insight. This range of qualities present in a particular context, all chanting the holy men and embodies the ideal image of the ancient Russian Orthodox and holiness in general. For hagiographic and singing texts characterized by the presence of stable verbal and neumes formulas (stable verbal turns, melismatic and singing figures that produce the most significant word and a number of words that carry a high spiritual meaning. This circle of words, characters emphasizes using melismatic singing of as a source of grace (“otcemo”, “iynokuiushchymo”), as a means of spiritual work (we – “molymosia”, St. Anthony and Theodosius – “molisya”, ”moli” for us, and then how obedient “oucheniko” we hope to “spastysia” and the saints – to “spasty” us as “pesnemi” and actions “dobrodetelno”). Further, in the marked circle songs old Russian monody used in the analyzed hymns, of which the most commonly used kulisma, in a symbolic interpretation of expressing affection, forgiveness, an appeal to the neighbor with love and kakiza, grunka, key Sredinka, Dolinka, Khamila, quote and all.