Художнє мистецтво Трипілля в контексті розвитку українського дизайну

Abstract

У статті розглянуто риси, притаманні орнаменту епохи Трипілля, та їх значення для сучасного українського дизайну. З’ясовано, що дані археологічних розкопок дають дослідникам стверджувати про наявність у стародавніх племен епохи міді та бронзи своєрідних зародків дизайну. Виявлено, що художнє мистецтво Трипілля формувалося упродовж тривалого періоду (ймовірно, кількох століть) під впливом міграцій, культурної взаємодії та дифузії багатьох племен різних земель і природно-географічних зон.

В статье осуществлен обзор характеристик, присущих орнаменту эпохи Триполья, и их значение для современного украинского дизайна. Выяснено, что данные археологических раскопок позволяют исследователям утверждать о наличии у древних племен эпохи меди и бронзы своеобразных истоков дизайна. Выявлено, что художественное искусство Триполья формировалось в течение продолжительного периода (вероятно, нескольких столетий) под влиянием миграций, культурного взаимодействия и диффузии многих племен разных земель и природно-географических зон.

In this publication the review of the characteristics inherent of an era ornament Trypillya and to their value for modern Ukrainian design is carried out. It is found out that data of archeological excavations allow researchers to claim about presence at ancient tribes of an era of copper and bronze of peculiar sources of design. It is revealed that art of Trypillya was formed during the long period (probable several centuries) under the influence of migrations, cultural interaction and diffusion of many tribes of different lands and natural and geographical zones. The most expressive elements of initial design of Trypillya’s people were present at ware which got unique forms for this account. A Trypillya civilization, being a part of the world of ancient farmers of the European continent, tells contemporaries the valuable reference points in design connected with a cult of the Sun, the earth, fertility and also the nature in general. Trypillian culture became an example of artly perfect registration of utilitarian household items in the period of the primary in the territory of Ukraine. In this context it can be considered as a background and soil for a prototype of the modern art of design. Despite the fact that origin of trypilets up to the end not found out, a part of researchers identify them with the autochthonic agricultural population of the Right bank of Ukraine of a copper era which descendants on these lands perhaps created protoslavic tribes in the first centuries after B.C. In development of Trypillian culture researchers traditionally allocate three chronological periods: early (A), average (C) and late (C), Proto design of culture Trypillya known to us, first of all, thanks to an ornament of kitchen and table pottery. In the period of early Trypillya it was drawn on crude clay usually black, brown, is more rare – white paints; at the time of an average Trypillya represented polychrome, and late Trypillya – monochrome painting. Of course, that except patterns, ancient Trypillian masters tried to apply primitive images of people and animals to ware. The symbolics of trypslets during the most developed period when they produced the perfect drawn ware, consisted from more than 300 separate signs and also their blocks. Thus, a Trypillian civilization, being parts of the world of ancient farmers of the European continent, tells contemporaries the valuable reference points in design connected with a cult of the Sun, the earth, fertility and also the nature in general. Also eternal there is a symbolics of trypilets about revival and immortality of human soul which was quite atypical for the primitive primaries, and fully as the official religion revealed in the period of the developed civilizations. Era ornament Trypillya is of great interest as it was characterized by the high level of saturation initial symbolics, powerful magic of initial rituals, the appeal of people to otherworldly forces to modern designers. Besides, it is important that trypilets tried to transfer the whole texts which gives the grounds to certain researchers to approve about existence in neolytic the population of Ukraine of a prototype of writing in ornaments.