Influence of Social and Political Factors on the Architecture of Wooden Temples in Western Ukraine from the end of the 18-th by the Beginning of the 20-th Century

Abstract

The purpose of the scientific work is to highlight the influence of social and political factors on the territory of Western Ukraine, which have changed the architecture of authentic Ukrainian temples and gave it new features. To achieve the goal, empirical theoretical methods of research and generalization were used: natural surveys, comparative analysis, classification and generalization were conducted. The authors surveyed temples built or reconstructed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in cities and villages on the territory of Western Ukraine.The architectural and artistic level of authentic temples is extremely high, some of the unique Ukrainian wooden churches of the Carpathian region are listed on the UNESCO World Heritage List. Researchers have proved that a certain canon has been developed in the architecture of wooden temples for centuries, as well as national features and own building culture. The topic of the research is relevant, because sacral architecture has an exceptional historical, cultural and artistic value, and the relation to architectural monuments is one of the important indicators of the culture of the nation. Scientists prove that even during the absence of Ukrainian statehood, Ukrainian sacral architecture, having undergone a difficult path of development, has managed to revive and preserve national features in architecture that best identify Ukrainians as a nation. The theme of the research remains relevant, since sacral architecture has an exceptional historical, cultural and artistic value, and the relation to architectural monuments is one of the important indicators of the culture of the nation. Historical events in the country and in the world changed the course of the development of the architecture of sacred complexes: on the ethnic Ukrainian territory, which was part of the Austrian and Russian empires, new types of churches of the "Terezian" and "Synodal" style were distributed.