Лісокористування Хмельницької області : проблеми, підходи до оптимізації

Abstract

Проаналізовано ступінь збалансованості лісокористування Хмельницького обласного регіону. Визначено основні риси лісокористування. Виокремленні основні чинники дестабілізації природного середовища обумовлені сучасною структурою лісокористування. Обґрунтовано підходи до ландшафтно-екологічної оптимізації системи лісокористування.

Рассмотрено лесопользование областного региона с позиций эколого-экономической сбалансированности. Проанализированы показатели лесистости административных районов, их пространственная дифференциация, соответствие оптимальному показателю, противоречия между показателями лесообеспечения и лесозаготовительной деятельностью.. Оценен уровень эколого-экономической эффективности лесопользования лесохозяйственных предприятий Хмельницкого областного управления лесного и охотничьего хозяйств за 2000-2018 годы, проанализировав динамику основных показателей работы в разрезе основных направлений деятельности - лесохозяйственной, лесопромышленной, финансово-экономической. Проведенный анализ показал, что перерабатывающие подразделения лесохозяйственных предприятий области сосредоточены преимущественно на производстве продукции с низкой степенью добавленной стоимости, выполняя заказ по производству пиломатериалов и заготовок, клееной фанеры и шпона, целлюлозы и древесной массы, дровяной древесина для технологических нужд, дров для отопления. Весомым направлением повышения эколого-экономической эффективности лесопользования лесохозяйственных предприятий Хмельницкой области является совершенствование производственно-технической базы лесозаготовки и лесопереработки путем внедрения современных технологий переработки отходов лесосечного производства, использования методов плантационного лесоразведения. Обозначены приоритеты ландшафтно-экологической оптимизации территории, роли и значимости лесов в ее реализации. При этом особое внимание уделено сохранению биотического и ландшафтного разнообразия, а также созданию и поддержанию благоприятных условий природной среды обитания населения.

It is considered that achievement of landscaping and ecological optimization of the territory implies determination and realization of landscape and ecological priorities. By definition, the highest priority is: conservation of biodiversity. The basic measures for reduction of biodiversity threats (reduction of continuous cutting of forests, recreational loading, grazing of cattle, harvesting of bioresources, ecologically motivated management of forest use) are substantiated. The natural potential, namely the breed composition of forests, is: the second priority, which largely determines the ways of using the wood and influences the pace of development of certain woodworking branches of the Khmelnytsky region. The level of ecological and economic efficiency of forest use of Khmelnytsky Regional Forestry and Hunting Management enterprises from 2000-2018 was determined, analyzing the dynamics of the main indicators of work in the context of the main activities - forestry, forestry, financial and economic. The analysis shows that the processing units of the forestry enterprises of the region focus mainly on the production of low value added products, fulfilling orders for the production of lumber and billets, glued plywood and veneer, pulp and wood, wood for technological purposes, firewood. In the forestry sector, there is a decrease in the volume of timber harvesting, in particular from logging. Timber industry was characterized by a certain increase in the share of wood processing from the volume of harvesting during 2000-2018 years. A significant increase in the volume of production is calculated based on 1 m3 of processed wood, which is explained by the increase in prices in the domestic timber market. Every year, the indicators of forestry production have been increasing (over the last 5 years - by UAH 376.5 million). The investigated area of logging and measures amounted to 13.9 thousand hectares, of which 1.0 thousand hectares - the main use, 12.9 thousand hectares - the formation and rehabilitation of forests and other activities. Proven felling has a positive impact on the quality of timber and stands in general. Since 2010, the area of logging in the region has decreased. Most of the reproduction work was carried out by planting and sowing forest at 16,126 thousand hectares, and natural regeneration took place on an area of 390 hectares, which is 26 hectares less than in 2017. The volume of reforestation in 2018, as in previous years, was mainly determined by the size of the estimated logging area. It is proved that in the conditions of strengthening of raw material orientation of forestry production, caused by lack of sound state policy of stimulation of in-depth forest processing, the choice of the system of indicators of estimation of ecological and economic efficiency of forest use should be offset by the need to consider all without exception the resources of forest resources indicators of such assessment should be given prominence by indicators that reflect the complexity of use tion lisoresursnoho potential level of logging waste disposal and waste timber production. It is substantiated that one of the effective mechanisms for improving the ecological and economic efficiency of forest management in the region is the conclusion of public-private partnership agreements, which will preserve strategically important forest and forestry assets in the state ownership and at the same time facilitate the inflow into the domestic production of domestic and industrial enterprises. - technical base of logging and forest processing through the introduction of modern technologies for processing waste the use of plantation forestry methods. Analyzing the degree of conservation in the Khmelnytsky region is 14.8%, and the share of conservation of land in the eco-network varies from 1.35% in Vinnitsa region to 27.91% in Polonsky district, which will not contribute to the proper conservation of biotic and landscape diversity. In order to preserve biological and landscape diversity in the region, proposals are being made for the creation of new territories of the nature reserve fund, work is being done to streamline the existing territories and objects of the nature reserve fund. This will be facilitated by the decision of the Regional Council of April 21, 2016 No. 19-5 / 2016, which approved the program of environmental protection of the Khmelnytsky region for 2016-2020, one of the areas of which is "halting the loss of biological and landscape diversity and forming an ecological network", which includes an environmental event "Development of local schemes for the formation of a national ecological network within the region". Local schemes of eco-network formation in Khmelnitsky region are not developed.