Морфогенез буроземно-підзолистих ґрунтів Пригорганського Передкарпаття

Abstract

На основі аналізу літературних джерел та власних польових досліджень встановлено морфологічні особливості буроземно-підзолистих ґрунтів. Детально проаналізовано морфологію та хімічні властивості ґрунтових новоутворень (нодулів та кутан). На основі аналізу результатів валового хімічного складу дрібнозему, мулистої фракції та ґрунтових новоутворень встановлено, що буроземно-підзолисті ґрунти формуються за рахунок сукупної дії процесів внутрішньоґрунтового оглинення, опідзолення, лесиважу та глеє-елювіального.

На основе анализа литературных источников и собственных полевых исследований установлено морфологические особенности буроземно-подзолистых почв. Детально проанализированы морфология и химические свойства почвенных новообразований (нодулей и кутан). На основе анализа результатов валового химического состава мелкозема, иллистой фракции и почвенных новообразований установлено, что буроземно- подзолистые почвы формируются на основе совокупного действия процессов внутрипочвенного оглинивание, оподзоливаныя, лессиважа и глее-элювиального.

Among the representatives of various scientific soil science schools arose some discussions at the taxonomic classification level because of the complex genetic nature of the profile-differentiated soils of Pre-Carpathian region, the diversity of the interpretation of the morphological features of the genetic horizons, the absence of common diagnostic signs of intensity and orientation of elementary soil processes. In order to establish the morphogenesis of these soils, within the boundaries of the Pre-Gorganian Pre-Carpathians, key areas were laid out, and within their boundaries, morphological features were studied and samples were taken for laboratory research. In the structure of the profile of brown-earth-podzolic soils, the following genetic horizons are distinguished: humus-elluvial gleyed (НЕgl), elluvial weakly humus gleyedelluvial gleyedtransitional elluvial іlluvial gleyed (EIgl), illuvial, weakly-elluvial metamorphic gleyed (I (e) mgl) horizons, soil weakly illuviated gley (Рigl) and gley rock (Рgl). Illuvial horizon was formed as a result of intensive internal soilIt is characterized by the presence of neoplasms of nodules and clay сutansNoduls are concretionary neoplasms with relatively uniform saturation of oxides within the entire cross-section. They have diffuse contours with an irregular shape, and their chemical composition is almost tangent to the surrounding material of the genetic horizon, which indicates their insit genesis. The formation of сutans in the illuvial horizons testifies about intense internal soil argillization and lessivage in the middle of the profile. To establish the genesis of brown-earth-podzolic soils are used the results of the gross chemical composition of the fine earth and silt fraction, as well as soil formation. On its basis are calculated the elluvial-accumulative coefficients, leaching factor, molar ratio, oxide balance, siliceous change coefficient and accumulation coefficient. On the basis of these calculations, it was established that the profile of brown-earth-podzolic soils was formed by the combined action of processes of internal soil argillization and lessivage, podzolization, gley-elluvial segregation. The podzol process was diagnosed according to the profile distribution of EA coefficient, which are characterized by the loss of one and a half oxides in the upper 0-40 cm layer and minimal accumulation in the lower part, as well as in molar ratio SiO2:Fe2O3, which indicates the loss of the Ferrum from the upper elluvial horizons. The process of internal soil enrichment manifests itself in the positive balance of the gross reserves of oxides, which in the illuvial part of the profile is +2,0 kg / m2 , as well as in a heavier granulometric composition relative to other horizons (roughly dusty-medium clayed). The glue-elluvial process is diagnosed by the peculiarities of the profile distribution of molar ratios in the silty fraction Al2O3 : Fe2O3 , which within the profile are practically uniform (3.50-3.77 and 3.60-3.92).