Раритетні види рослин у флористичному складі базальтових кар’єрів Волинського Полісся

Abstract

Наведено результати вивчення поширення раритетних видів флори на ділянках діючих і вироблених базальтових кар’єрів та на прилеглій до них території, які розміщені у межах Волинського Полісся. Встановлено зростання 4 видів рослин із «Червоної книги України» (2009 р.) та 18 видів, які підлягають регіональній охороні в Рівненській області. За категоріями раритетності найбільше представлені малопоширені та потенційно вразливі види. Із дуже рідкісних видів виявлено Primula elatior, рідкісними є 4 види (Gagea pratensis, Aquilegia vulgaris, Rosa mediata, Melittis sarmatica). Поступове відновлення природної рослинності після припинення прямого антропічного впливу сприяє поширенню раритетного фітокомпоненту.

Industrial deposits of basalt are located in the northwestern part of Rivne region and confined to Rivne tectonic fault and Volyn trap cover. Close deposits of basalt to the surface is observed in the basin of the Goryn River (on the gap between the village of Zlazne and Basaltove (the tract of Janov Dolyna), the neighborhood of Berestovets, Velykyi Mydsk (near the village of Mutvytzia), near the village of Rudnya) in Kostopil district, also in the Styr River basin (the neighborhood of Polytzi and Ivanchi (Rafalivskyy Quarry) in Volodymyrets district). Materials from field floristic research conducted over 2017-2018 were used for analysis. The research included areas of existing and produced basalt quarries, as well as an adjacent area of direct influence of 10-50 m width. Species of flora were included in the structure of the rare phytocomponent, listed in the third edition of the Red Book of Ukraine (2009) and also species that are subject to protection at the regional level. All identified rare species of flora were analyzed by category of rarity within the entire territory of Rivne region (4 categories of species were identified: very rare, rare, limited distribution, endangered). According to the results of the research, 4 species of flora from the Red Book of Ukraine (2009) and 18 species are under Rivne region protection. Among the Red List species, stable populations form Epipactis helleborine and Utricularia minor. Dactylorhiza incarnata and Atocion lithuanicum are represented by isolated generative individuals in the studied territory. By category of rarity, limited distribution and endangered species are presented. The rarest species, Primula elatior was found, there are 4 rare species (Gagea pratensis, Aquilegia vulgaris, Rosa mediata, Melittis sarmatica). 9 species are endangered, most of them are typical for reserves: Batrachium circinatum and Hippuris vulgaris. 4 species belong to the group of limited distribution. Phytososological interest in Rivne region is the findings of such species as Pyrola media, Scabiosa columbiana and Chamaenerion dodonaei. The gradual regeneration of natural vegetation after the termination of direct anthropic influence helps to distribute rare phytocomponents. Most of the rare species have a limited distribution, a small number and are often spread in the areas with a lower cenotic competition.