Тенденції вивчення іноземних мов у вищих навчальних закладах морського профілю (70-ті роки ХХ – початок ХХІ століття)

Abstract

У дисертації репрезентовано результати історико-педагогічного дослідження теорії та практики вивчення іноземних мов у закладах вищої освіти морського профілю у 70-х роках XX – на початку XXІ століття. Обґрунтовано періодизацію вивчення іноземних мов в закладах вищої освіти морського профілю у 1978–2017 рр. та визначено основні тенденції кожного періоду: І період (1978–1990 рр.) – уніфікаційний; ІІ період (1991–2002 рр.) – трансформаційний; ІІІ період (2003–2017 рр.) – інтеграційний. Виявлено тенденції вивчення іноземних мов у закладах вищої освіти морського профілю у 70-х роках XX – на початку XXІ століття та визначено основні напрями екстраполяції історико-педагогічного досвіду в практику сьогодення.

В диссертации представлены результаты историко-педагогического исследования теории и практики изучения иностранных языков в учреждениях высшего образования морского профиля в 70-е годы XX – начале ХХІ века. Обоснованно периодизацию изучения иностранных языков в учреждениях высшего образования морского профиля в 1978–2017 гг. и определены основные тенденции каждого периода: I период (1978–1990 гг.) – унификационный; II период (1991–2002 гг.) – трансформационный; ІІІ период (2003–2017 гг.) – интеграционный. Выявлены тенденции изучения иностранных языков в учреждениях высшего образования морского профиля в 70-х годах XX – начале XXI века и определены основные направления экстраполяции историко-педагогического опыта в практику настоящего.

The modern development of the Ukrainian maritime industry is marked by the strengthening of integration processes in the world community, the enhancement of collaboration with international organizations, the extension of cooperation with foreign partners, which determines the importance of developing foreign language communicative competence as a professional communication tool. Given this, the level of foreign language training in the higher education institutions should meet the requirements of the world labor market and ensure the high quality work of maritime industry specialists. Improving the quality of foreign language vocational education in accordance with the existing documents requires a systematic study and retrospective analysis of historical experience in order to implement the positive practices of foreign language education and at the same time to avoid possible erroneous steps in this field. In the context of the search for optimal ways to improve the studying of foreign languages in the higher education institutions of marine profile, it is urgent to rethink the historical development of foreign language studying within the period from the 70s of the XX century to the beginning of the XXI century, since during this period the numerous reform processes took place in the system of foreign languages studying. The object of the study is the genesis of foreign languages studying in the higher education institutions of marine profile. The subject of the study is the tendencies of foreign languages studying in the higher education institutions of marine profile in the 70s of the XX – the beginning of the XXI century. The purpose of the study is to identify the main tendencies of foreign languages studying in the higher education institutions of marine profile in the 70s of the XX – the beginning of the XXI century and to determine the main directions of extrapolation of historical and pedagogical experience into the practice of the present on the basis of a holistic retrospective analysis of pedagogical theory and practice. The scientific novelty of the thesis research is that for the first time: - the tendencies of foreign languages studying in the higher education institutions of marine profile in the 70s of the XX – the beginning of the XXI century were revealed: paradigmatic (updating the content of foreign language studying in accordance with the priority areas for the development of maritime industry); structural and educational (ensuring the optimal foreign language studying in the structural-logical scheme of training future specialists in the maritime industry); substantial (correlation of the content of foreign language studying with the professional activity specifics of future specialists in the maritime industry); instrumental and methodological (development of methodological tools for foreign language studying in the higher education institutions of marine profile); - the periodization of foreign language studying in the higher education institutions of the marine profile in the 1970s of the XX century – the beginning of the XXI century was defined and justified: I period (1978 – 1990) – unification; II period (1991 – 2002) – transformational; ІІІ period (2003 – 2017) – integration; - the factors that influenced the development of foreign language studying of future maritime industry specialists were identified: social and economic (orientation to the needs of the labor market, integration into the international space, scientific and technological progress); educational (updating of regulatory documents in the field of education, standardization of training content); industry-specific (modernization of equipment for marine vessels, expansion of the production functions of specialists in the marine industry, internationalization of crew). - the possibilities of foregrounding the productive ideas as well as historical and pedagogical experience in foreign languages studying as an essential component of the professional training of future marine specialists in today’s conditions were indicated (problem-oriented study of a foreign language with professional immersion, attracting native speakers to the teaching; differentiation of training of educational applicants taking into account basic level of knowledge; digitalization of foreign language studying, providing end-to-end and an interdisciplinary approach in foreign language studying;, training teachers of the higher education institutions to compile textbooks; teaching special disciplines in a foreign language). The essence of the concepts «training of future specialists in the maritime industry», «foreign language professional speech», «foreign language studying in the higher education institutions of the marine profile» were clarified. The provisions that reveal the features of foreign language studying in the higher education institutions of the marine profile received further development. The practical value of the thesis research consists in the development of methodological recommendations «The foreign language studying in the higher education institutions of the marine profile (1978-2017) ». The results of the work are used to create special advanced training courses for teachers of foreign languages, to prepare scientific and methodological conferences and seminars to improve foreign language studying by specialists in the maritime industry. The content, conclusions and the principles of the dissertation sources can be the basis for the search for optimal ways of forming an integrated system of professional qualities of future marine specialists in the context of its reorientation to the needs of the global marine industry.