Сучасні тенденції застосування трансформаційного формоутворення у предметно-просторовому дизайні

Abstract

У статті окреслено сучасні тенденції застосування трансформаційного формоутворення в дизайні предметно-просторового середовища. На основі ґрунтовного аналізу наукових публікацій та світового проектного досвіду відповідної тематики в роботі запропоновано п’ять основних тенденцій, описано їх характерні особливості та специфічні вимоги до об’єктів, які проектують відповідно до них. Встановлено, що описані тенденції в різних сферах дизайнерської діяльності проявляються більшою чи меншою мірою, залежно від потреб кожної конкретної сфери.

В статье очерчены современные тенденции применения трансформационного формообразования в дизайне предметно-пространственной среды. На основе тщательного анализа научных публикаций и мирового проектного опыта соответствующей тематики в работе предложено пять основных тенденций, описаны их характерные особенности и специфические требования к объектам, проектируемых в соответствии с ними. Установлено, что описанные тенденции в различных сферах дизайнерской деятельности проявляются в большей или меньшей степени, в зависимости от потребностей каждой конкретной сферы.

The aim of the article is to highlight the modern tendencies of application of transformational shape-forming in the objective-spatial design. On the basis of a thorough analysis of scientific publications and world project experience related to this topic, 5 main tendencies were proposed: 1. Functionality augmentation or the tendency to complication – is a result of a high demand for multifunctional furniture and equipment, which can replace the multiple single-function furniture pieces of different functional zones, in the conditions of small-sized housing. The practical significance of such furniture and equipment is determined by the number and quality of the functions performed. The purpose of such objects is to provide comfortable, full-fledged accommodation of people in a limited space of small-size housing. The design objects must meet such requirements as multifunctionality, ability to replace all, or almost all single-function furniture of a specific functional zone, constant adaptation to human needs, etc. The largest number of examples corresponding to this tendency belong to the field of design of furniture and equipment for residential areas (for example: Joe Cesare Colombo’s “Universal living container for teens”, Luke Nechetto’s Cubitat housing module and Boxetti modular furniture transformers). 2. Semantic and figurative oriented transformation – is focused on the process of transformation itself, the ideas it represents, but not the number of possible functions. The goal is to bring transformational shape-forming to a qualitatively new level of artistic perception and positioning of the objects with variable geometry as the pieces of art. This trend is promising for the development of public and exhibition spaces, kinetic sculptures and installations, conceptual alternative housing and office spaces, and is more common in art and architecture than design. Requirements for objects are: non-standard design solutions, positioning of the transformation process as an artistic installation, presence of a powerful semantic load that dominates the functional component. Examples: the Monohedron mobile house by Andrej Cverha, “Living” sculptures by Lee Hunbo, etc. 3. Development of objects with a high level of mobility and compactness – a trend which is focused on creating the most compact and mobile furniture and equipment possible. The purpose of this type of design objects is to provide all the necessary conveniences in conditions of the maximum limited spaces and field conditions of use without complicating the process of their transportation. The following requirements must be met: maximum compactness and simplicity of product design, high level of transport mobility, prevailing role of functional potential over figurative solution. The main areas of application are mobile furniture, equipment and housing (for example: furniture transformers by Kenchikukagu, LAGOON mobile housing module by Diana Manole). 4. Furniture for the general development of the child – results in the creation of furniture and equipment with the possibility of its adjusting to changes in the anthropometric parameters of the growing child. Requirements are as follow: high level of ergonomics, safety and intuitive clarity of design, variability of the main parameters of the product in the process of transformation. The first attempt in this area was the children’s armchair developed by the Danish architect Christian Solmer Vedel in 1952. Today, furniture that grows and transforms with the child is offered by many companies (in Ukraine, the furniture of Moll is common). 5. Eco Friendliness and safety – a fundamental trend of the modern design industry. Almost all contemporary design, mobile housing and architecture concepts are built on the principles of environmental friendliness and take into account the possibility of autonomous energy supply. The goal is to improve the performance of products, increase their environmental and safety standards. The basic requirements are: compliance with the requirements of eco-design, the use of autonomous power supply systems (where needed), the possibility of installing natural resource recovery systems. In design of transformative furniture and equipment this tendency is mostly limited to the use of environmentally friendly and recycled materials. Significantly wider this trend is represented in the fields of mobile housing and architecture (for example, the Domespace house). In conclusion, the current trends of transformative objects design show that in the first place people seek for a well thought out functional component of products and structures with variable geometry, often neglecting a figurative solution. For the most part, transformers are considered as auxiliary objects, which allows one to improve the functionality of stationary and mobile housing. However, a large number of conceptual projects, recently developed on the basis of the principle of “transformation for the sake of transformation”, show that public interest in objects with variable geometry as pieces of art is growing actively, as a way of expressing ideas which could not be transmitted through the means of traditional art and design.