Скульптор Іван Козлик. творчість крізь призму соцреалізму

Abstract

У статті зроблено огляд художньої спадщини відомого тернопільського скульптора Івана Козлика, творчий шлях якого консолідував у собі складні суперечності часу – відповідав вимогам мистецтва соцреалізму, з одного боку, та прогресивним віянням пошуку національного стилю з іншого. Визначено основні чинники, що вплинули на формування художнього та духовного світогляду скульптора. Сформовано та упорядковано список творчої спадщини художника.

В статье сделан обзор художественного наследия тернопольского скульптора Івана Козлика, творческий путь которого консолидировал в себе сложные противоречия времени – отвечал требованиям искусства соцреализма, с одной стороны, и прогресивным веяниям поиска национального стиля – с другой. Определены основные факторы, повлиявшие на формирование художественного и духовного мировозрения скульптора. Сформирован и упорядочен список творческого наследия художника.

The article gives an overview of the art heritage of the famous Ternopil sculptor Ivan Kozlyk, whose life and art path was inextricably linked with the situation in Ukraine in the second half of the twentieth century and consolidated the difficult contradictions of time. He corresponded to the progressive trends of that time on the one hand and “artistic” requirements of socialist realism on the other. Artistic education of two leading institutions of Western Ukraine in Kosiv and Lviv, communication with leading artists, representatives of the Ukrainian national intelligentsia – “sixtiers”, greatly influenced the philosophical ideas and the formation of the sculptor artistic style. During the “thaw” of the 1960’s and 1970’s, the traditions of folk art were combined with the formal features of early modernism. Therefore, these factors were reflected in the art works of young artists. After studying at the university, the party organization of the institute did not recommend I. Kozlyk, as “unreliable”, to stay in Lviv. An explanation for such a decision was “formalism in art”. He was a member of a group of artists who were not interested in socialist realism in the implementation of artistic products and turned to figurative and formal solutions that were consistent with changes in the taste and updating of the range of artistic languages. Therefore, formalism, and nationalism were the typical accusations of Soviet times. They were used as a basis for the destruction of progressive thought, artistic expression and the establishment of totalitarian art. The artist has created several works, which were characterized by new researches of the deep foundations of the national Ukrainian art plastic language of sculpture: a decorative lantern, the design of the restaurant “Kalyna” (Ternopil), a sculptural portrait of Nestor Morozenko and other works. In 1968, I. Kozlyk started his career at the Ternopil Arts and Production Complex of the Ukrainian Artistic Foundation. At that time, the artistic and production combines played a leading role in the implementation of the ideology of socialist realism and the hierarchical structure in art. The reflection of the inextricable unity of art and the dominant ideology of socialist realism was embodied in the images of propaganda clichés: the image of “shock worker” (people who performed outstandingly), leaders, heroes of the war. Ivan Kozlyk was the artist, who’s realizing the vital necessity of creation of ideological images. He worked on the search for identity in his artworks and on the realization of the professional skills of custom works. High artistic culture and an individual approach to every image, every work is characterized his art. He engaged in easel and monumental sculpture, paintings, decorative art and established himself as a mature and powerful master. In his monumental works, the sculptor skillfully combined different materials: granite, sandstone, copper and successfully combined with the technical methods of performing – the embossing and relief. And in the composition he combined a vertical and horizontal planes, which provided the multi-dimensionality and the stability of his works. The sculptor can be called an artist with a national position and an artist who performed his work in high quality and professionally in accordance with the requirements of time.