Історичні та культурологічні аспекти основ філософії дизайну

Abstract

У статті розглянуто історичний та культурологічний підходи до осмислення проблем ідеологічно-концептуальної сутності художньо-проектної діяльності дизайну наприкінці ХІХ – на початку ХХІ століття. Виявлено значення цих підходів і самостійний внесок для розвитку як теоретичних, так і практичних аспектів дизайну. З’ясовано обумовленість виникнення розглянутих підходів, завдання й характерні ознаки їх впливу на формування засад філософії сучасного дизайну. Припущено, що саме в межах філософії дизайну можливо об’єднати розрізнену інформацію з історії, культурології, естетики, антропології, соціології та інших дисциплін і представити її як окрему науку, яка буде спроможною охопити вивчення сутнісних змістів діяльності дизайну на тому чи іншому хронологічному або ж географічному відрізкові його розвитку.

В статье рассмотрены исторический и культурологический подходы к осмыслению проблем идеологическо-концептуальной сущности художественно-проектной деятельности дизайна в конце ХІХ – начале ХХІ века. Выявлено значение этих подходов и самостоятельный вклад для развития как теоретических, так и практических аспектов дизайна. Раскрыта обусловленность появления рассмотренных подходов, задачи и характерные признаки их влияния на формирование основ философии современного дизайна. Допущено, что именно в пределах философии дизайна возможно объединение разрозненной информации по истории, культурологи, эстетике, антропологии, социологии и другим дисциплинам, и ее представление в качестве отдельной науки, которая будет в состоянии охватить изучение сущностных содержаний деятельности дизайна на том или ином хронологическом или же географическом отрезке его развития.

The article is describes the historical and cultural approaches to the understanding of the ideological and conceptual essence of artistic and design activities of design in the period from the late XIX till XXI century. The importance of these approaches and independent contribution to the development of both theoretical and practical aspects of the design are studied. The conditionality of the approaches emergence, the tasks and the characteristics of their impact on the formation of the philosophy fundamentals of modern design are outlined. It is supposed that within the design philosophy it is possible to combine fragmented information on the history, cultural studies, aesthetics, anthropology, sociology and other disciplines and present it as a separate science which will be able to cover the study of the essential meanings of design activities at a particular chronological or geographical segment of its development. Synthesizing with the traditional and new forms of art and combining with the various academic disciplines in a short period of time, the design evolved into many branches and majors from the usual industrial, graphic or environmental to furniture design, transport, street furniture, design of fabrics and garments, design systems, visual communications, media design, landscape design, design of exhibitions etc. The specific properties of the design activities as creativity and design thinking become of major importance. The examples of their involvement in the organization or management processes (management design) amaze with inexhaustibility of their own potential. The analysis of last researches and publications showed a considerable research interest to the characteristics of the formation and development of historical and cultural interrelations of design as without such understanding it is impossible to further define its orientation vectors. However, along with the existing significant theoretical contribution, some questions need further consideration which would provide an answer on what determines the direction of modern design and what economic, political, socio-cultural ideas model the conceptual basis of modern design activities. The study concludes that having originated due to changes in industrial production phenomena, the design in the period of its existence passed the stage of self-development, dissemination, socio-cultural deepening and grew into a powerful force, one of the most significant cultural phenomena, which is able to determine the spiritual state of a person and influence on current problems of an individual and social life. The application of the historical study approach gave the opportunity to present the evolution of design as a development/transformation of its spheres of influence, technological and methodological tools and objects of development. Starting from the design of individual products, it gradually turned into development activities of the subject systems, the spatial environment as a whole. Analysis of variations in a modern activity design allows representing a specific tool to identify and a factor in the formation of culture in all possible ways. The significance of cultural approach to a holistic understanding of design is to prove its undoubtful relationship with the cultural sphere; the classification of design activities to everyday culture which is closely connected with the concept of fashion, the problems of formation of individual and public aesthetic taste, consumer preferences, expectations and the like.