Роль священиків у розвитку аматорського театрального мистецтва у Тернопільському повіті в кінці ХІХ – першій третині ХХ століття

Abstract

У статті розглянуто роль священиків у розвитку та функціонуванні аматорських театральних гуртків у селах Тернопільського повіту в кінці ХІХ – першій третині ХХ століття. Звернено увагу на їхній життєвий та душпастирський шлях, мистецькі уподобання та організаторські здібності. Показано репертуар, роботу керівників-постановників й акторський склад театральних колективів. Висвітлено також соціально-політичне становище населення у цей період та його вплив на культурно-мистецьке життя краю.

В статье рассмотрена роль священников в развитии и функционировании любительских театральных кружков в селах Тернопольского уезда в конце XIX – первой трети ХХ века. Обращено внимание на их жизненный и душпастырский путь, художественные вкусы и организаторские способности. Показано репертуар, работу руководителей-постановщиков и актерский состав театральных коллективов. Освещено также социально-политическое положение населения в этот период и его влияние на культурно-художественную жизнь края.

Since ancient times, Ukrainians were enthusiastically embraced various theatrical performances, which made them a great impression not only songs and dances, but also content, inspiration, as well as a professional play of talented actors. Therefore, the leaders of the local branches of Prosvita first of all took care of the formation of theater circles in their village. Very often, the founders and long-term leaders of the branches of “Prosvita” in the villages were the priests, who were considered the most experienced people in the community and had a great authority among the population. The Enlightenment movement was best developed where there were intelligent and active priests with a sense of national dignity. Much depended on the spiritual shepherds: who was the priest – this was the community as well. In conditions of statelessness, priests in Ukraine for many centuries served not only to satisfy the religious needs of the faithful, they were often in the village with the only force that could protect the national interests of the peasants, they rallied the nation to social and political life without them not celebration of national memorable dates and events.One of the most famous and authoritative priests in the Ternopil region is the founder and head of the cell of the “Prosvita”, Father Ambrosiy Krushelnytsky, who, together with his family, moved to the village of Bila near Ternopil in 1878. In 1884, he founded the “Prosvita” reading room in the village, giving away a lot of his own books to her, organizing the choir at the reading room, keeping them at the beginning at his own expense, despite the fact that his family was large children, but still had to be kept old parents. Becoming the first head of the reading room at the age of forty three, Father Ambrosiy stayed in this elective office until May 28, 1901, that is, presided over almost 17 years. Although the election of the readers of the leadership, according to its charter, took place annually, and the villagers all the time elected only his chairman. An active cultural and educational work was carried out by the rural branch of “Prosvita” Society under the chairmanship of Father Mykola Chubaty who was the pastor of the village of Petrykiv from 1888 until his death in 1928. Father Mykola Chubaty in the rural “Prosvita” paid special attention to the education of local residents: they arranged a school in their hut, free peasant education, founded a brotherhood of sobriety. He was constantly elected chairman of the Prosvita Society in Petrykiv village. The village of Ostriv reached the highest cultural and artistic level in the first half of the twentieth century, in particular when Father Vasyl Glukhovetsky became a pastor of the village – who took a great interest in the community of the village and actively attracted people to the educational work. Especially many works and efforts to revitalize the national consciousness of the village community of the village of Butsniv were made by the pastor Father Izidor Glinsky, at the end of the nineteenth century. Thanks to him the local reading-room gathered the villagers not only on weekends or holidays, but almost every evening. Father Izidor has repeatedly invited priests from Ternopil for the service of worship and lectures on various topics so that people can hear more interesting news from educated people from the county. The patriotic position of a local priest and his associates-like-minded people in the cultural and artistic sphere did a great deal of work in the village, primarily among the participants of the local “Prosvita”, whose number was increasing every year. Instead of the long-lived head of the Butsniv “Prosvita” of Isidor Glinsky, Father Mykola Kulinych came in, who was also indifferent to the activity of the theater circle in the village. In 1933, the young priest Vasyll Kurilas became the head of “Prosvita” Butsniv village. In the new parish, in addition to the diligent performance of pastoral duties, he led the Brotherhoods of the most sacred mysteries, the Savior and the Ukrainian Catholic Union acting in the church, took an active part in the community life of the village. Much attention was paid to the cultural and artistic work of the reading room, giving the owners practical advice. Thus, the activity of the priests in cultural and educational institutions, in particular, “Prosvita” and “Ridna Shkola”, played an important role in the development of education and the elevation of spirituality in the region. By helping rural communities create and operate amateur theater circles, priests have made an important contribution to the spread of culture and art among their parishioners. Through viewing another-genre performances, viewers were able to learn about the history, customs, traditions and the lives of their ancestors-Ukrainians, to realize their mission in difficult times for them, and to form their own national position and defend it in the future.