Жанрово-стильові особливості прози Наталени Королевої

Abstract

У дисертації досліджено жанрово-стильові домінанти творчого доробку Наталени Королевої в українській літературі першої половини ХХ ст., зокрема її новели, повісті та романи, які засвідчують авторську майстерність у процесі модифікації цих жанрових форм. Наголошено, що естетичне мислення авторки удосконалювалося у процесі модернізації прозових жанрів. Її експериментальні пошуки у новелістиці («Легенди старокиївські», «Во дні они») дали змогу простежити жанрові та інтертекстуальні зв’язки з уснонародною легендою, апокрифічною прозою, духовним контекстом Святого Письма, що увиразнило стильові, формально-змістові, структурні параметри модерністської новели Н. Королевої. Доведено, що повісті «Без коріння. Життєпис сучасниці», «Предок», «Сон тіні» – оригінальні жанрові різновиди, які виділяються історизмом, автобіографічністю, поглибленим психологізмом, поліфонічністю, відкритим хронотопом, складною оповідною структурою. Жанри художньо-автобіографічної повісті («Без коріння. Життєпис сучасниці»), історичної повісті з автобіографічним елементом («Предок»), художньо-історичної повісті («Сон тіні») зумовлені модерним романним мисленням Н. Королевої, жанрово-стильовим синтезом, які сприяють якісно новій рецепції твору. З’ясовано, що модерністські домінанти романів «1313» і «Quid est veritas?» отримали художнє вивершення через синтез історичного, пригодницького, міфологічного, соціально-психологічного романів, фольклорної легенди, апокрифів, зумовивши їх жанрово-стильову оригінальність та європеїзувавши традиційний стиль і образність українського письменства ХХ ст.

In the dissertation the genre and style dominantes of Natalena Koroleva’s works in the Ukrainian literature of the first half of the twentieth century are studied, in particular her novelles stories, and novels which testify the author’s mastery in the process of modification of these genre forms. The use of biographical, historical-literary, comparative-historical, typological methods, as well as the hermeneutic approach and receptive aesthetics has revealed the new possibilities of literary studies to investigate problems of genre and style, and, importantly, to prove a special place and significance of the original prose legacy of Natalena Koroleva in the context of development of Ukrainian literature of the first half of the twentieth century through a holistic analysis of the author's modern creative manner. Her prose work was studied by literary critics S. Andrusiv, V. Antofiychuk, O. Bagan, R. Horak, R. Hromiak, R. Korytko, O. Nakhlik, O. Mishanych, F. Pohrebennyk, R. Fedoriv, V. Shevchuk and others. Mostly, they focused on the evolution of N. Koroleva’s artistic thinking, the narrative system of her texts, their psychology, philosophical motives, and the features of plot construction. Among the recent studies, there should be noted the works of K. Buslaeva, B. Vallniuk, I. Holubovska, T. Lytvynenko, N. Malfin, Yu. Melnikova, S. Nesteruk, I. Ostashchuk, K. Usachova and others. However, there is no special study in which the genre and style paradigm of Natalena Koroleva’s prose is analyzed in detail. Thus the above mentioned predetermines the topicality of the research. The work substantiates the specifics of the genological consciousness of the writer in modernization of prose genres. In particular, it was emphasized that the aesthetic thinking of Natalena Koroleva was perfected in the process of modernizing the prose genres. This is evidenced by her experimental searches in the novelles. The analysis of the collections of small prose “Legends of Old Kyiv” and “In the Days”, through philosophical and axiological categories, allowed us to trace the intertextual connections of her novels with the spiritual context of the Holy Scripture. It revealed the stylistic, formal-content, and structural parameters of the modernist narrative of Natalena Koroleva. In our opinion, the fundamental tendencies of cultural exoticism, new-romantic aesthetics, Christianity (Christian existentialism) in her novelles naturally innovated the Ukrainian literature of the early twentieth century. Text analysis of the works “Without roots. Biography of the contemporary”, “Ancestor”, “Sleep of the Shadow” confirms the polyphony and the multiplicity of the writer’s epic thinking. The stories by N. Koroleva are characterized by autobiographical, in-depth psychology, historicism, and an open interpretive perspective. Instead, the story “Ancestor” and “Sleep of the Shadow” testify to the transformation of the historical consciousness of N. Koroleva. In the story “Ancestor”, she masterfully implemented the author's model of autobiographism, adopted through the history of her own family, the Spanish mentality, history, philosophy, culture (legends, beliefs, and traditions of the Spanish people from ancient times). In the story “Sleep of the Shadow”, which most Ukrainian literary critics call the best in story telling discourse, the artistic world is modeled from the aesthetic point of vies, which is filled with historical content. Hence, the time-spatial continuum is transformed in a philosophical context in accordance with the Christian philosophy of N. Koroleva. This proves the openness of the chronotope of the novel, its symbolism and, most importantly, the consonance with the neo-romantic aesthetics, which is at the highest level realized in romanticism. The modernist dominant of the novel “1313” got artistic excellence, synthesizing historical, adventure novels, ornamental folk legends, and medieval treatises. On the other hand, the artistic originality of the work is determined by the author's interpretation of traditional, biblical, and literary stories through the Christian concept of the artist. Such intertextual communication forms the multidimensional structure of the novel, where we distinguish the historical, psychological, symbolic, axiological, national plane of reading the text. Europeanism of the romantic thinking of N. Koroleva is also realized in the style synthesis, which promotes a qualitatively new reception of the work. N. Koroleva’s prose features a novel “Quid est veritas?” in which the author innovatively worked out a biblical theme: she transformed the genre of apocrypha, synthesizing it with a story (in the genre definition of the author himself). This novel represents the original interpretation of the religious plot through Christian allusions, religious-philosophical reminiscences, apocalyptic motifs. Conceptuality, model of the character-idea, originality of the author's picture of the world, intertextuality, profound symbolism, exotics, and others are genre-style dominants of intellectual prose of Natalena Koroleva, who Europeanized the traditional style and imagery of Ukrainian writing of the 20th century, raising it to the level of world models.