Українсько-білоруські відносини (1991–2014 рр.)

Abstract

У дисертації на основі застосування новітніх теоретико-методологічних підходів і широкої джерельної бази здійснено комплексне дослідження нової моделі українсько-білоруських відносин упродовж 1991–2014 рр. Визначено та проаналізовано історичні передумови налагодження взаємин між Україною та Республікою Білорусь, основні етапи міждержавного співробітництва, процес створення договірно-правової бази забезпечення двосторонніх відносин. У роботі висвітлено особливості становлення і розвитку українсько-білоруських політичних відносин, досліджено трансформацію політичного діалогу між Україною і Білоруссю до сучасних міжнародних вимог і викликів, з’ясовано тенденції та проблеми співпраці двох країн в економічній сфері, розкрито основні пріоритети, напрями і форми міждержавного торговельно-економічного співробітництва в новій системі міжнародних відносин.

В диссертации на основе применения новейших теоретико- методологических подходов и широкой источниковой базы осуществлено комплексное исследование новой модели украинско-белорусских отношений в течение 1991–2014 гг. Определены и проанализированы исторические предпосылки налаживания взаимоотношений между Украиной и Республикой Беларусь, основные этапы межгосударственного сотрудничества, процесс создания договорно-правовой базы обеспечения двусторонних отношений. В работе освещены особенности становления и развития украинско-белорусских политических отношений, исследованы трансформация политического диалога между Украиной и Беларусью к современным международным требованиям и вызовам, выяснено тенденции и проблемы сотрудничества двух стран в экономической сфере, раскрыты основные приоритеты, направления и формы межгосударственного торгово-экономического сотрудничества в новой системе международных отношений.

The thesis is devoted to complex investigation of a new model of Ukrainian- Byelorussian relations during 1991–2014. Also it deals with the analysis of the status of historiographic working out of the problem, characterizing the resource base and theoretical and methodological backgrounds of scientific work. During the process of analysis of historiography of the topic researched, which was carried out by using thematic and chronological principle, we could conditionally separate two thematic historiographic directions – general and special historical literature. We would like to highlight, that there was a certain disbalance in throwing light upon bilateral relations between Ukraine and Republic of Byelorussia during 1991–2014. This disbalance was being shown up both in the number of research works, and also in the degree of studying the separate aspects of interstate relations. For example, a few problems concerning Ukrainian-Byelorussian collaboration are not investigated enough, and need to be carefully researched. The dissertation is based on a great massive of sources, both Ukrainian and Byelorussian. During the process of analysis and classification of the source base into a few groups, we used a problematic principle. The usage of this principle in our thesis was caused by the following: origin’s variety of the sources; different content; specificity of thematic exposition of the material; specialties of the topic investigated. Remarking that not all from the sources are equivalent, but their totality and certain richness of content makes the source base complete enough to carry out the planned scientific and investigational tasks. Methodological grounds of the thesis include a complex consisted of scientific principles, methods and approaches, which directed on comprehensive, integral and objective investigation of the events of Ukrainian-Byelorussian collaboration in 1991–2014. During the process of studying the main stages of formation and development of contemporary relations between Ukraine and Byelorussia there were used such methodological principles as: historical method, objectivity, scientific character, systemic and integration principles. Complex character of the work is provided by using and connection the common scientific, special historical, concrete and historical scientific methods. The author found out and analyzed the historical preconditions and main stages of Ukrainian-Byelorussian relations. Also there were investigated the peculiarities of contractual and legal foundation of bilateral relations. For example, it was fixed that the formation of a new model of Ukrainian-Byelorussian collaboration became real despite the fundamental changes in the world at the end of XX century. The preconditions of formation and development of contemporary Ukrainian- Byelorussian collaboration were created by such factors: disintegration of the USSR; appearing of new sovereign states; favourable geopolitical location; proximity of territory; traditionalism of links; and also mutual interest of Ukraine and Republic of Byelorussia concerned to the saving of close contacts. During 1991–2014 the author’s conception represents eleven stages characterized by dynamics of Ukrainian- Byelorussian bilateral collaboration. It is proved that after Ukraine and Republic of Byelorussia obtained their independence in 1991, there was created the system of contractual and legal foundation of bilateral relations. This system was necessary for consolidation and development of interstate links. During 1991–2014 there were assigned near 205 documents between two republics, which allowed the normative regulation of legal relationship in different spheres of collaboration. In the dissertation the peculiarities of foundation and development of Ukrainian-Byelorussian political relations in new geopolitical realities are characterized. Also there was thrown light upon the processes of transformation of the political dialogue between Ukraine and Republic of Byelorussian according to contemporary international demands and challenges. As a result of the work investigated it is shown, that the processes of foundation and development of Ukrainian-Byelorussian political relations can be characterized by progressiveness of their evolution. The partnership between Ukraine and Republic of Byelorussia in political sphere during the period analyzed, should be investigated as an important event in the process of a constant protection of the national interests of both states. In spite of the active discussions in Ukrainian-Byelorussian relations, in general we can characterize them as dynamic and perspective. Separately the author analyzed the tendencies and problems of Ukrainian- Byelorussian collaboration in economic sphere in contemporary conditions. Also there were pointed out the main priorities, directions and forms of interstate trade and economic collaboration. For example, it was fixed that priority place in the common structure of Ukrainian-Byelorussian relations belongs to bilateral economic links. During 1991–2014 both countries were interested in development of trade and economic coordination. It is mentioned that a characteristic peculiarity of bilateral economic collaboration was its progressive development. During 1991–2014 the dynamics of interstate trade operations and nomenclature of export and import goods essentially grew up. The part of both countries in the common amount of foreign trade was also high. Here are a few key directions of Ukrainian-Byelorussian economical collaboration caused the intensification of bilateral economical relations during the period analyzed: industrial cooperation and creating of mutual factories; collaboration in scientific and technical sphere; in agricultural, energetic and transport branches; interregional and boundary links.