Польська національна меншина Тернопільщини: соціально-правовий та культурно-освітній аспекти (кінець XX - початок XXI ст.)

Abstract

У дисертації комплексно і всебічно досліджено процес розвитку польської національної меншини Тернопільщини кінця ХХ – початку ХХІ ст. Проаналізовано зміни чисельності поляків за результатами переписів населення 1989 та 2001 рр. Розкрито особливості утворення польських національних товариств. Досліджено збереження культурних пам’яток, пов’язаних із поляками Тернопільщини. Висвітлено процеси відродження парафій Римо-Католицької Церкви, діяльність польських етнографічних колективів та стан вивчення польської мови в області.

В диссертации комплексно и всесторонне исследовано процесс развития польской национальной меншины Тернопольщины конца ХХ – начала ХХІ в. Проанализированы изменения численности поляков согласно результатам переписи населения 1989 та 2001 гг. Раскрыто особенности создания польских национальных обществ. Исследовано сохранение культурных памятников, связанных с поляками Тернопольщины. Освещено процессы возрождения обществ Римо-Католической Церкви, деятельность польских етнографических коллективов и состояние изучения польского язика в области.

The dissertation highlights the results of a holistic analysis of the socio-legal, cultural-educational activities of the Polish national community of Ternopil region at the end of the XX century at the beginning of the XXI century. The quantitative and qualitative indicators of the Polish community of Ternopil region are analyzed. The statistics on the results of the All-Union Census of 1989 are compared with the All-Ukrainian Census of 2001. The tabular form depicts the dynamics of changes in the number of Poles in the region. It explores the peculiarities of the creation of Polish national-cultural associations and describes the normative-legal basis of the state and local executive authorities, which is intended to promote the processes of revival of national minorities. The demographic, cultural-historical and socio-economic characteristics that influence the formation of the Polish community are revealed. The investigation focuses on the activities of Polish national-cultural associations, which played a decisive role in establishing links between the Poles of the region – the Association of the Revival of Polish Culture of the Kremenets District named after Y. Slovatsky, the Cultural-Educational Association of the Ternopil Region, the Ukrainian-Polish Cultural-Educational Association named after A. Mickiewicz in Chortkiv and others. It describes the historical heritage (monuments, memorials, graves, works of art, architectural monuments, scientific achievements and works of literature), which has survived from the previous generations of Poles inhabiting Ternopil region. The main directions of activity of national-cultural associations and the role of diplomatic missions of the Republic of Poland in coordinating their work are considered. It reveals the complex organizational and logistical issues that have arisen in front of the newly formed religious Roman Catholic communities and spiritual educational institutions. A system of Roman Catholic religious organizations from the Ternopil region is presented. Particular attention is paid to the role of individuals who struggled for the Polish «spiritual Renaissance», as well as the issue of keeping records and preserving of temples. On the basis of the obtained results, the prospects for the further development of the Roman Catholic communities are outlined. The investigation focuses on the relations of the Poles with the historical motherland and describes the forms of communication of individual administrative associations of the Ternopil region with the cities, gmina of the Republic of Poland and describes the role of the Polish national minority in establishing interregional relations. The analysis of the state and dynamics of the study of the Polish language in secondary and higher educational institutions of the region during the years of Ukrainian independence has been made. The system of Saturday and Sunday schools is presented at the Polish national-cultural associations and Roman Catholic communities in some settlements of the region. The system of preparation of teachers of the Polish language and study of the history of the Republic of Poland is described. It conducts a review of the quality of the relevant textbooks. The investigation highlights a system of Polish national ethnographic collectives, created attached to national-cultural associations and Roman Catholic communities. It describes touring activities and names of artistic directors. Repertoire and artistic genres covered by the mentioned groups are investigated. It presents programs of celebration of state holidays of Ukraine, where Polish collectives were involved. A systematic analysis of the achievements of local Poles from the end of the XX th to the beginning of the XXI century was conducted. The results are presented in materials published in scientific collections and tested during scientific conferences.