Інституалізація Католицької Церкви східного обряду в Росії (1901-1917 рр.)

Abstract

Дисертація присвячена комплексному дослідженню інституалізації Католицької Церкви східного обряду в Росії упродовж 1901‒1917 рр. З’ясовано теоретичні й практичні передумови поширення унійного руху в Росії, досліджено унійний вектор розвитку східної політики Святого Престолу на початку ХХ ст. У роботі проаналізовано процес формування й структуризації громад російських католиків східного обряду, висвітлено роль і значення унійної діяльності митрополита А. Шептицького в контексті інституційного оформлення Католицької Церкви східного обряду в Росії. Досліджено характер і динаміку налагодження міжконфесійних взаємин російських католиків східного обряду з представниками православного духовенства, громад старообрядців, польським католицьким кліром.

Диссертация посвящена комплексному исследованию институализации Католической Церкви восточного обряда в России на протяжении 1901‒1917 гг. Выяснено теоретические и практические предпосылки распространения унионистического движения в России, исследован унионистический вектор развития восточной политики Святого Престола в начале ХХ в. В работе проанализирован процесс формирования и структуризации общин российских католиков восточного обряда, освещена роль и значение униатской деятельности митрополита А. Шептицкого в контексте институционального оформления Католической Церкви восточного обряда в России. Исследовано характер и динамику налаживания межконфессиональных отношений русских католиков восточного обряда с представителями православного духовенства, общин старообрядцев, польским католическим клиром.

In the dissertation research the historical causes and preconditions of the spread of uniate ideas in the Russian society at the beginning of the 20th century were determined, the paradigm of the historical conflict between the Catholic Church and Russian autocracy was outlined, the main directions of the historical and philosophical comprehension of the problem of unification of the Orthodox and Catholic Churches in Russian society were determined. The proposed study also identifies the conceptual foundations of the Eastern policy of the Holy See in the context of the spread of Catholicism to the territory of the Russian Empire, and highlights the problem of the jurisdictional subordination of the Eastern Rite Catholics in Russia. The contradictory situation of the communities of Russian Greek Catholics in the context of the formation of the paradigm of the Eastern policy of the Holy See is determined. An attempt has been made to find out the nature of the differences between the official attitude of the Holy See to the implementation of the unanimous project in the Russian Empire, and the actual, albeit secret, support of the unanimous initiatives of Metropolitan Halytsky Andrei Sheptytsky. Also, the attention of the dissertation focuses on the study of the processes of forming a special model of relations between Metropolitan Galician and representatives of the communities of Russian Greek Catholics ‒ some aspects of personal interaction are analyzed from the angle of scientific research, illustrating the general nature of the historical process of the formation of the Eastern Church of the Catholic Church in Russia. The author analyzed the special mission role of A. Sheptytsky in the context of the birth and development of the communities of Russian Greek Catholics, with particular attention focused on the controversial position of the hierarch as the secret leader of the Catholic Church of the Eastern Rite in Russia. The question of the authority of A. Sheptytsky to manage the development and institutionalization of the Uniate Church in the Russian Empire occupies a special niche in the structure of the scientific interests of the researcher. In the proposed work, considerable attention is paid to the analysis of the internal situation and specificity of the development of the communities of Russian Greek Catholics in the context of sociopolitical processes of the early twentieth century, the study of the features and trends of the integration of the Uniate Church as an independent institution and the spiritual and political concept in the realities of the Russian society of that period. The specificity of the internal growth of the communities of Russian Greek Catholics in the absence of educated and progressive human resources, insufficient material support, a permanent conflict with the representatives of the Russian Orthodox Church and a biased attitude from the side of the apparatus of the imperial government has been clarified. In addition, the external activity of the Eastern Rite Catholic Church in Russia as a full institution was studied, the directions of establishing inter-church dialogue and attempts to establish inter-confessional understanding were highlighted. The role of separate representatives of the communities of Russian Greek Catholics in the establishment of inter-church communication, the formation of a specific spiritual and cultural environment in in the early twentieth century was analyzed. It was analyzed relationship between the Russian Greek Catholic communities and the representatives of the Russian Orthodox Church, examples of individual attempts to establish a dialogue between the mentioned communities are given. In particular, the epistolary dialogue between Metropolitan Halytsky A. Sheptytsky and bishop Zhytomyr and Volyn Anatoly Khrapovitsky, as one of the main representatives of the Orthodox hierarchy of the Russian Empire, the theologian and the theologian theoretician, was researched. Separately, attention is focused on the problems of establishing inter-church relations with the Russian Catholic Church of the Western rite, as well as the Russian Church of the Old Believers. The problematic aspects of establishing inter-confessional dialogue are determined, the importance of the absence of institutional forms of the realization of the Uniate Church in the Russian Empire, connected with the unregulated jurisdictional status and the insufficient level of representation on the external level of relations, is analyzed. The main achievements of the building of the Catholic Church of the Eastern Bride in Russia as of 1917 are determined, the problems and perspectives of the exarchate formed are analyzed. The specific conditions for the establishment of the Eastern Orthodox Church of the Catholic Church in Russia as an independent institutional unit are highlighted, further ways of advancing uniative ideas in the spiritual and religious space of Russian society are outlined. The problem aspects of the institutionalization of the Uniate Church in Russia are analyzed with the background of socio-political changes of the first half of the 20th century. The role of the newly created hierarchy in the processes of creating the spiritual identity of the Russian Greek Catholics was determined.