Розвиток ідей щодо профілактики соціальних відхилень у неповнолітніх на сторінках української педагогічної періодики Східної Галичини (1918-1939 роки)

Abstract

У дисертаційній роботі здійснено узагальнення теорії і практики педагогічної профілактики соціальних відхилень серед неповнолітніх у Східній Галичині (1918-1939 роки); окреслено провідні ідеї галицьких науковців, педагогів, психологів, громадських, релігійних та культурно-освітніх діячів досліджуваного періоду щодо профілактики соціальних відхилень у неповнолітніх; конкретизовано значення української педагогічної періодичної преси в розвитку ідей профілактики соціальних відхилень у неповнолітніх у практичній діяльності українських шкіл та громадських організацій Східної Галичини першої половини ХХ століття (до 1939 року). На основі узагальнення провідних ідей галицьких науковців та практиків міжвоєнного двадцятиліття ХХ століття визначено можливості вдосконалення сучасної системи профілактики соціальних відхилень у неповнолітніх.

В диссертационной работе осуществлено обобщение теории и практики педагогической профилактики социальных отклонений среди несовершеннолетних в Восточной Галичины (1918-1939 годы); очерчены главные идеи галицких ученых, педагогов, психологов, общественных, религиозных и культурных деятелей исследуемого периода по вопросам профилактики социальных отклонений у несовершеннолетних; конкретизировано значение украинских педагогических периодических изданий в развитии идей профилактики социальных отклонений у несовершеннолетних в практической деятельности украинских школ и общественных организаций Восточной Галичины первой половины ХХ века (до 1939 года). На основе обобщения идей галицких ученых и практиков межвоенного двадцатилетия XX века определены возможности совершенствования современной системы профилактики социальных отклонений у несовершеннолетних.

The study and critical rethinking of the historical and pedagogical experience of the Ukrainian national school as well as the possibility of using the pedagogical heritage of the past in the educational sphere are updated on the basis of reform currently underway in Ukraine. Crises accompanying the formation and development of Ukrainian society over the past decades have led to a significant aggravation of social problems. At the present time the most salient issues are those of immoral and illegal character, in addition to other asocial behaviors of children and adolescents, which undermine social stability. This situation leads to a reality in which the younger generation is characterized by social disinterest which leads to serious difficulties in solving socio-practical issues. With this in mind, it is essential that social institutions – primarily educational institutions -- conduct preventive activities that are designed to ameliorate adverse psycho-biological and psycho-pedagogical social conditions that cause deviations of mental and social development of children and youth, as well as contributing to their successful socialization. Despite of the latest research on the issue of preventing social deviations in the behavior of juveniles, we can confirm that today we are facing socio-pedagogical problems and difficulties that were successfully overcome in the past. The experience of our predecessors is a valuable resource for identifying new approaches to improve the system of juvenile delinquency prevention. One of the ways to prevent sociobehavioral deviations among juveniles is the study, systematization and introduction into practice of the achievements of native and foreign teachers from the past. Concerning this issue, significant interest is paid to the historical period of the first half of the twentieth century, which was characterized by the emergence of new ideas and conceptual approaches in the system of pedagogical prevention of sociobehavioral deviations among juveniles and social education in general. The Ukrainian pedagogical periodicals of the Eastern Galicia during the interwar period (1918-1939), which were published by Ukrainian pedagogical societies in the region, play an important role in the study of the issues connected to the prevention of juvenile delinquency. They are a valuable resource for the study of social and educational processes that have occurred in Ukraine over a long period of time, and they provide extensive information about the contemporary normative innovations in the educational system, as well as the activities of Ukrainian pedagogical societies, new pedagogical ideas, research results, methodological developments and advice etc. Additionally, they allow us to trace the formation and transformation of Galician teachers’ outlook as well as the development of the Ukrainian teachers’ movement in the European context. The object of the research is the prevention of socio-behavioral delinquency among juveniles. The subject of the research is the formation and the development of ideas for the prevention of socio-behavioral delinquency among juveniles on the pages of pedagogical periodicals of Eastern Galicia (1918-1939). The purpose of the research is to provide a theoretical framework and overview of practical experience in the prevention of socio-behavioral delinquency among juveniles on the pages of the pedagogical periodicals of Eastern Galicia (1918-1939). The theoretical significance of this research is the fact that, for the first time, the development of ideas for the social prevention of juvenile delinquency on the pages of the pedagogical periodicals of Eastern Galicia (1918-1939) are used as the foundation for a holistic and systematic analysis; the pedagogical theory is supplemented by scientific knowledge about the evolution of the definition "the prevention of social deviations," as well as the importance of the Ukrainian periodical press in the development of ideas for the prevention of juvenile delinquency in Ukrainian schools and public organizations of Eastern Galicia in the first half of the twentieth century (until 1939); the relevance of cooperation between teachers, parents and the public in the prevention of juvenile delinquency were substantiated. The results can serve as the basis for further scientific research into the history of Ukrainian socio-pedagogical education, as well as for the creation of textbooks and manuals, methodological recommendations for special courses and seminars on the theory and history of social pedagogy, and for the preparation of lectures and seminars on subjects such as the theory and history of social education, social pedagogy, the methodology of social and educational work, the methodology of social and pedagogical work with children's and youth organizations, history of social work, social prevention; and finally, they may be useful in the practice of modern social education in secondary schools, in social service centers for the families, children and youths, secondary schools and in vocational schools for social rehabilitation, social rehabilitation centers, etc.