Військова підготовка старшокласниць на західноукраїнських землях у роки Другої Речі Посполитої (1922-1939 рр.)

Abstract

У дисертації здійснено дослідження генези та організації військової підготовки старшокласниць на західноукраїнських землях у роки Другої Речі Посполитої (1922–1939 рр.). Вивчено стан дослідженості проблеми військової підготовки старшокласниць у Другій Речі Посполитій. Виокремлено та науково обґрунтувано етапи військової підготовки старшокласниць на західноукраїнських землях (1922–1939 рр.). Охарактеризовано зміст та організацію військової підготовки старшокласниць у середніх навчальних закладах та позакласній і позашкільній діяльності громадських об’єднань західноукраїнських земель, специфіку змістово-методичного забезпечення на визначених історико-педагогічних етапах. Відзначено позитивні ідеї військової підготовки старшокласниць в досліджуваний період та окреслено можливості їх творчого застосування в сучасній українській школі.

В диссертации проведено исследование генезиса и организации военной подготовки старшеклассниц на западноукраинских землях в годы Второй Речи Посполитой (1922–1939 гг.). Проведено исследование изученности проблемы военной подготовки старшеклассниц во Второй Речи Посполитой. Выделены и научно обоснованы этапы военной подготовки старшеклассниц на западноукраинских землях (1922–1939 гг.). Охарактеризованы содержание и организация военной подготовки старшеклассниц в средних учебных заведениях и внеклассной и внешкольной деятельности общественных объединений западноукраинских земель, специфика содержательно-методического обеспечения на выделенных историко-педагогических этапах. Отмечены положительные идеи военной подготовки старшеклассниц в исследуемый период и намечены возможности их творческого применения в современной украинской школе.

Initial military training of school youth as one of the significant constituents of a national patriotic education which plays constructive role in the being a citizen who is ready to defend a motherland. The real challenge lies in servicemen, scientist, and pedagogues' resorting to search of new mechanisms and military educational technologies in secondary general schools and anti-discrimination practices of girls' involvement together with boys in the process of military training based on equality. One of the most important roles belongs to such school subject as Homeland defence which was taught in the 10th and 11th forms in the general educational establishments (in the 9th form it was optional) having different programmes for boys and girls. As far as the subject was concerned, the schoolgirls dealt only with the healthcare training basics what actually was an obstacle in obtaining primary military knowledge. That is why it is important to Ukraine at present days to obtain historical and pedagogical experience in performing military training of girls in those country regions which were the parts of other countries and those which had similar conditions to Ukrainian ones but became successful in introducing of military segment into general secondary education. Experience in the involvement of both sexes into this process and accumulation of significant practical achievements in this sphere is of utmost importance. The practice concerns the territory of Western Ukraine which was incorporated in the Second Polish Republic between 1919–1939. Study of military and educational processes in the territory of Galicia and Volyn during the interwar period (1922–1939), when the significant and intensive socioeconomic and military-political changes took place at a time of polonization of all spheres, has great scientific and theoretical importance for current changes happening in the territories of all Ukrainian regions. It gives an opportunity to use past positive experience in military training of girls in the schools, public organisations and social institutions. The object of research is military training of women in the territories of Western Ukraine in the researched period. The subject of research is an origin of military training for senior girls in the territories of Western Ukraine (1922–1939). The aim of study is to find and reveal the origin, content and main peculiarities of military training organisation for senior girls in the territories of Western Ukraine during the period of the Second Polish Republic. Scientific novelty of the study lies in the first in Ukraine research of origin and organisation of military training for secondary-school girls in the Second Polish Republic in the territories of Western Ukraine (1922–1939) during the defined and scientifically substantiated stages of its development: I stage (1922–1925) – establishment of military training for schoolgirls as a specific work sphere in the Polish military-oriented public organisations and the system of education with the advent of first school groups (Polish:„hyfcy”); II stage (1925–1937) – military training modernisation; expansion of the military training syllabus; improvement of the military training performance among schoolgirls in the system of education by means of new extracurricular forms of military training; III stage (1937–1939) – stage of pre-war military training; formulation of the military training syllabus for Ukrainian village schoolgirls that allowed them to take military training for the first time; the military training became an obligatory subject (named „land defence training”) for all girls in every educational establishment. The analysis of categorical apparatus of military training was made; the historic preconditions of military training formation for senior girls in the territory of Western Ukraine were researched; content and organisation peculiarities of military training for senior girls in the secondary educational establishments of Western Ukraine were found; the influence of social order and military-political settings on women's involvement in the process of military training for land defence was proved; new pedagogic experience in the military training of senior girls during the extracurricular work at the period of the Second Polish Republic was described; new little known or unknown concepts in pedagogy (meetings, groups of social work, school „hufcy”, little school „hufcy”, camp method, teaching and educational recreation, „gawęda”, „apel”, „alarm”) were introduced as well as facts, sources, and documents were presented in the scientific sphere; the possibilities of fulfilment of pedagogy achievements of the researched period and defined sphere under conditions of primary domestic military training formation in the senior school were substantiated; the necessity of optimal military training organisation in the school was defined as well as specific practical questions and problems, solutions of which will assist in improving of modern system of military training for senior girls under conditions of international tension.