Правове становище та фінансово-господарська діяльність Почаївської лаври у 1831-1914 рр.

Abstract

У дисертації комплексно і всебічно, на основі залучення широкого кола архівних матеріалів, досліджено правове становище та фінансово-господарську діяльність Почаївської лаври у 1831–1914 рр. З’ясовано правові засади діяльності обителі в складі РПЦ та особливості її внутрішнього управління. Визначено структуру фінансово-кредитної сфери, розвитку промислового і сільськогосподарського виробництва, виокремлено найбільш прибуткові сфери господарювання. Досліджено джерела фінансування навчальних закладів, друкарні, розбудову архітектурного комплексу, об’єктів інфраструктури.

The choice of the research is motivated by the need of compound and deep learning of the history of Pochayev Lavra, because it is one of the most significant centers of religion life in Volyn region. It is proved that the transference of Pochayev monastery in to the structure of Russian Orthodox Church was logical, stage action of profound struggle of Russian government against Greco-Uniate Church. The influence of Lavra during centuries was based not only on country’s orthodox ideology but by it’s powerful financial state that combined it to government institutes, the members of different professions and confessions. The research of economic part of Lavra’s life will give opportunity to understand mechanisms of its function, the sources of financing, the place and meaning of its household complex in the realization of educational programs ,the developing of book publishing, building and reconstruction, the development of proper infrastructure. The respondent on the base of the compound research have characterized the household activity of Pochayev Lavra in 1832–1914 years. The legal base of running and development of economic household complex of Pochayev Lavra was researched. The system of inner management of Pochayev Lavra (which was made by Holy Synod and was regulated by the charter of the monastery ordinances of the Holy Synod, orders of the spiritual consistory, «Instruction of the deaneries» (1821) and «Instruction of the Spiritual Cathedral of the Pochayev Monastery on the duties of the laurels in accordance with the model of the instructions of the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra» is depicted. The financial and lending activities of the Pochayev Lavra included all types of circulation off unds that ensured its livelihoods: traditional revenues from the faithful (valuable gifts, «mug», «walletcollection», «churchsum», crafts), varioustypes of lending and loanoperations, movem ent fundson bankaccounts, state financing, payment of taxes, etc. The main segments of the management of the Lavra, which were industrial and agricultural production, were investigated. The economic efficiency of candle, brick, lime plants, woodworking, stone extraction, participation of the laurels in the conduct of seasonal auctions and fairs has been analyzed. The structure and dynamics of the agrarian-livestock complex development are shown. The inclusion of the Pochayev Lavra in the process of establishing capitalist relations in the territory of Volyn was established, which was accompanied by the introduction of new organizational and legal forms of management and stimulated the development of infrastructure. It is proved that the state funding for the maintenance of the monastery, the remuneration of regular and wage workers was regulated by the provisions on the monastery of the Volyn diocese. The inclusion of the Pochayev Lavra in the process of establishing capitalist relations in the territory of Volyn was established, which was accompanied by the introduction of new organizational and legal forms of management and stimulated the development of infrastructure. It is highlighted the economic conditions of the functioning and financing of educational institutions and the modernization of the printing press at the Lavra. It was established that the growth of the number of schools in the Pochayev Lavra was conditioned by Russian legislation, which provided exclusive rights to the Orthodox clergy to establish primary education institutions. The main directions of funding for the development of the architectural complex of the Pochayev Lavra during the specified period are singled out.