Відносини між РСФРР і УСРР (1919–1929 рр.) : політико-економічний та адміністративно-територіальний дискурс

Abstract

У дисертації комплексно і всебічно досліджено концептуальні засади відносин між РСФРР і УСРР 1919–1929 рр., проаналізовано чинники, що мали визначальний вплив на формування та діяльність органів влади РСФРР і УСРР, характер взаємовідносин, розкрито зміст російської радянської політики у процесі встановлення російсько-українського кордону. Охарактеризовано особливості дипломатичних та господарсько-інституційних взаємин між РСФРР і УСРР, досліджено вплив повноважних та постійних представництв, інституту уповноважених на формування характеру російсько-українських відносин. Розкрито організаційно-правові та соціально-економічні засади функціонування «бюджетної системи федерації», здійснення торгово-економічних відносин. Досліджено суть протиріч між УСРР і РСФРР/СРСР, народження нових історичних концепцій, що породжували дискусії й «ухили», формування загальносоюзного «народногосподарського комплексу» та систему підпорядкування базових галузей республіканської промисловості.

The study of the scientific problem state has proven that despite existing general works, which present some aspects of Russian-Ukrainian relations in the 1920s, the problem raised in the thesis has not been under a full-scale study yet. The database, systemized and introduced into the work, is diverse, informatively rich, and reliable. In the course of the research it was established that measures aimed at political capture of Ukraine by Soviet Russia were beyond the legal framework of the state relations between Russia and Ukraine. In the 1920s the relations of the RSFSR with the Ukrainian SSR are characterized by the combination of incorporative tactics by means of power expansion with an emphasis on declarative Ukraine’s independence and making decisions that transformed the latter into the autonomy. That time the situation, which developed in the relations of the RSFSR with the national republics, was quite logical. The Soviet Federation’s strengthening did not follow the pattern of creating a special institutional network to carry out common tasks for all the republics, but transforming the highest authorities of the RSFSR into the union ones. With the establishment of the soviet power in Ukraine in early January 1919, the Russian- Ukrainian relations shifted from explicit and covert armed struggle with the carriers of Ukrainian national statehood to the level of interstate relations between Russia and Ukraine. The interstate relations between the RSFSR and the Ukrainian SSR were based on the Bolshevik doctrine, common ideological and political tasks, the state system and the social and economic structure, organized within common basics. Independent soviet republics formally had the status of separate states in 1919 – the beginning of the 1920s even being tightly connected. The relations, which were forming between the RSFSR and the Ukrainian SSR at the beginning of the 1920s, had significant flaws. The principle of their subjects’ inequality was immediately put in their basis. The RSFSR had serious advantages in the relations with Ukraine, appropriating the rights of the union center. The union protocol regulated the state relationships between the RSFSR and the Ukrainian SSR, in general. They were not sufficiently defined. The conflicts between the governing bodies of Russia and Ukraine, which arose due to the lack of a clear demarcation between the functions of the center and the republic, contradictions in the areas of competence of the general federative and republican structures. The study of the legal border demarcation between Russia and Ukraine, and the Ukrainian SSR in the 1920s is the important aspect of understanding the essence of the relations between the RSFSR and the Ukrainian SSR, and Ukraine’s state status, defined by the Kremlin. In new realities the former administrative borders among the soviet republics became interstate borders. In fact, nowadays the ethnic borders of the Ukrainian people do not coincide with the administrative boundaries of Ukraine. As a result of administrative and territorial transformations in the 1920s Ukraine lost large territories in the East. With the formation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics the legal status of the republics changed from contractual to union ones. The relations among republics lost their interstate character, and the inter-republican one formed instead. There was a need for the creation of authoritative, and later – permanent representation that became special institutions of the inter-republican level capable of maintaining constant links among the governments of the RSFSR and the union republics. In the Ukrainian economical science the period of the 1920s is characterized with the birth of new historical concepts. The activation of economic thought was accompanied with the criticism of economic programs and economic politics of the party, the intensified ideological confrontation in science. The discussions that arose in the 1920s in the political, economic and cultural spheres were the result of the internal party struggle for power. Constitutional design of the Union SSR, the formation of a one-party political system and its merge with the state apparatus, the transformation of the highest authorities of the RSFSR into the central authorities of the Union, and the subordination of the strategically important sectors of Ukrainian industry demonstrated the neglect of Ukraine’s interests.