Діяльність кооперативного банку "Земля" у Східній Галичині (1907-1939 рр.)

Abstract

У дисертації комплексно й всебічно досліджено діяльність парцеляційного товариства (кооперативного банку) «Земля» у Східній Галичині упродовж 1907–1939 рр. Визначено його місце у соціально- економічній структурі, зокрема, у кредитній кооперації краю. Розкрито особливості статутних положень цього кооперативу та порівняно його структуру та організацію управління із іншими схожими інституціями. Досліджено основні напрямки діяльності товариства, зокрема, парцеляцію, соціальне забезпечення його працівників, кадрову політику, участь у суспільному житті Східної Галичини.

В диссертации комплексно и всесторонне исследована деятельность парцеляционного общества (кооперативного банка) «Земля» в Восточной Галичине в течение 1907–1939 гг. Определено его место в социально- экономической структуре, в частности, кредитной кооперации края. Раскрыты особенности уставных положений этого кооператива и сравнено его структуру и организацию управления с другими похожими учреждениями. Исследованы основные направления деятельности общества, в частности, парцеляция, социальное обеспечение его работников, кадровая политика, участие в общественной жизни Восточной Галичины.

The thesis deals with the results of integral analysis of functioning of parceling society (cooperative bank) «Zemlia» during 1907–1939 from its foundation – to the occupation of Eastern Halychyna by Workman-Peasant Red Army. The social and economic activity of «Zemlia» during the period of its functioning is characterized. Considering that activity of «Zemlia» was taking place in the period of social transformations in public and political life of Eastern Halychyna, which influenced on the economic life of the territory, we singled out such stages of its functioning: 1) 1907–1914 – from the year of its foundation to the beginning of World War I. This period is characterized by progressive development of the society. 2) 1914–1920 – the time of active hostilities, which were taking place on the territory of Eastern Halychyna. This period is characterized by almost total stop of all economic relations. 3) Period of Polish administration in Eastern Halychyna, which includes economic instability and administrative pressure of authorities on the Ukrainian economic structures. The peculiarities of structure and organization of administration of society «Zemlia» on the basis of cooperative regulations are investigated. By the reason of this, the legal status of society was determined as a society with limitation of liability, the main purpose of which was to provide economic interests of its members. The main directions of functioning of society «Zemlia» were singled out. The purpose of foundation of the cooperative was the process of parceling of landowner’s estates, which meant their dividing into small parts and their further sale. The cooperative responsibly concerned to the question of social guarantee of its personnel. Especially this question became urgent in the period of Polish- Ukrainian war, when all the cooperative movement of Eastern Halychyna united to solve this problem. In the work the staffing policy of «Zemlia» is also singled out. The society applied for the job only those persons, who had professional education, which they got in prestigious educational institutions of Austria-Hungary. The conditions of work in «Zemlia» are thrown light upon. The workers often complained that the level of salary was low. From time to time it caused the change of working place by the workers, which is explained by the lower rate of salary in «Zemlia» comparing with other economic structures of Eastern Halychyna. The problems with investments also influenced on the functioning of society during the interwar period. The quantity of members was decreasing proportionally to the rate of income. To the end of 1920-s «Zemlia» almost turned aside its activity. The place of parceling society (cooperative bank) «Zemlia» in economic movement of Ukrainians of Eastern Halychyna during the end of XXth century – 1939 is determined.