http://dspace.tnpu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36372 2026-04-04T09:32:22Z http://dspace.tnpu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/38867 Назва: Лісогосподарське землекористування реґіону, проблеми та перспективи Автори: Флінта, Павло Короткий огляд (реферат): У статті розглядаються актуальні питання використання лісових угідь у регіоні та обґрунтовуються напрямки його вдосконалення. Проаналізовано основні екологічні, економічні та правові аспекти управління лісовими угіддями. Особлива увага приділяється використанню сучасних технологій, інституційним змінам та залученню місцевих громад до управління лісовими ресурсами. Запропоновано практичні рекомендації щодо забезпечення сталого розвитку лісового господарства в контексті кліматичних викликів та курсу України на європейську інтеграцію.; In the context of increasing environmental violations in the forest sector, it is necessary to apply adaptive approaches to forest management that would take into account all driving forces and limiting factors. That is, changes of an ecological and socio-economic nature in forestry land use require the study of indicators in dynamics, taking into account their reaction to the influence of various factors and interrelationships. The intensity and direction of these changes require constant assessment and analysis of the impact of management decisions on the regional forest sector. Despite the fact that a significant amount of research is aimed at activating positive factors and mitigating the negative consequences of forestry land use, the problem of ensuring balanced forestry land use remains relevant. This necessitates further research on improving management tools that will create a scientific basis for achieving environmental policy goals at the regional level. The purpose of the study is to identify areas for improving the management of forestry lands, taking into account the balance of ecological and socio-economic aspects of forestry land use. A review of the scientific literature indicates that in the coming decades the forest sector will undergo significant transformations caused by global shifts in the use of natural resources. The article examines current issues of forest land use in the region and substantiates directions for its improvement. The main ecological, economic, and legal aspects of forest land management are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the use of modern technologies, institutional changes, and the involvement of local communities in the management of forest resources. Practical recommendations are proposed to ensure the sustainable development of forestry in the context of climate challenges and Ukraine's course toward European integration. It was determined that in the future we should expect a more active implementation of innovative technologies in monitoring the state of forests, in particular remote sensing, geographic information systems, automated management systems. At the same time, the importance of public participation and transparency in decision-making will increase, which is an important requirement of European environmental policy. The development of forestry land use should also be focused on expanding the environmental protection functions of forests, supporting green tourism, environmental education, and restoring degraded areas in priority ecosystems. Thus, the prospects for the development of forestry land use in Ternopil region are based on the integration of adaptive nature management, environmental responsibility, digital transformation and European approaches to resource management. This creates opportunities for strengthening environmental security, developing rural areas and increasing the role of Ukraine in global climate policy. Improving forestry land use is a strategically important task for Ukraine as a whole and Ternopil region in particular. Implementation of modern approaches to management, integration of digital solutions, increasing the role of communities, and effective implementation of legal norms will allow preserving and rationally using forest resources. A comprehensive solution to these tasks will contribute to ensuring the ecological security of the state and its sustainable development. 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://dspace.tnpu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/38866 Назва: Геопросторові особливості лісокористування на території ДП «ХУСТСЬКЕ ЛДГ» Автори: Питуляк, Мирослава Романівна; Питуляк, Микола; Гавришок, Богдан Борисович; Гунько, Сергій Короткий огляд (реферат): У статті представлено дослідження ДП «Хустське дослідне лісове господарство». Опрацьовано низку фондових матеріалів господарства. Запропоновано картосхему просторового розподілу зон діяльності лісництв. У публікації проведено комплексний геопросторовий аналіз структури лісів, просторового розподілу рубок та їх впливу на екосистему. Проаналізовано породний склад і вікову структуру деревостанів і виявлено їх геопросторові закономірності. Запропоновано заходи раціонального лісокористування.; The study of the forestry land use within the State Enterprise Khust Experimental Forestry is represented in the article. A number of archival and stock materials of the enterprise have been analyzed. A cartographic scheme of the spatial distribution of forest district activity zones has been developed. The Khust Experimental Forestry (EF) comprises of eight forest districts: Drahiv, Khust, Velyatyn, Nyzhniobystriv, Bereziv, Vyshkiv, Horinchiv, and Monastyrets, with a total area of 42,496 ha. The forestry enterprise is located mainly within the administrative boundaries of the Khust district, where forest-covered areas make up 55.7% of the territory. The highest forest cover is observed in the Drahiv community (81%), and the lowest in the Khust community (27%). All categories of forests are represented within the enterprise, with exploitation and recreational-health forests dominating. A comprehensive geospatial analysis of forest structure, spatial distribution of felling, and their ecological impacts has been conducted. The study has revealed spatial patterns in species composition and age structure of forest stands. More than half of the forests are middle-aged (54.4%), with small shares of young (13.1%) and maturing (14.7%) stands. Mature and overmature forests constitute 17.8%, which does not meet scientifically grounded silvicultural standards. Hardwood species dominate within the Khust EF, occupying 28,159.6 ha (96.3%) of the forested area. Among them, European beech (Fagus sylvatica) covers 24,800.2 ha (84.8%), and common oak (Quercus robur) – 1,851.5 ha (6.3%). In the southern, more lowland parts of the forestry, red oak (Quercus rubra) and common oak prevail, ranging from 10.5% in Vyshkiv to 30.6% in Velyatyn forest districts. Coniferous species cover only 990.8 ha (3.4%). The total growing stock amounts to 10,903.4 m³, with the largest share belonging to middle-aged stands (58.5%), followed by maturing (17.4%) and mature/overmature (20.3%) forests. The lowest proportion is represented by young stands (3.8%). The study confirmed that the Khust EF territory is characterized by significant spatial heterogeneity of forest resources, manifested in differences in species composition, age structure, and timber reserves. These factors directly influence the potential of forest utilization. Large parts of the forests have limited resource potential, while only separate tracts are highly productive. Geospatial analysis revealed that the main types of forest use—final felling, timber stock, and recreational forest use—have a distinct spatial distribution. This is determined by both natural factors (productivity, forest age) and management decisions, which consider logistics, environmental constraints, and socio-economic needs. There is a clear trend toward intensification of forest use on accessible and productive plots, which requires increased monitoring of forest condition. The forestry enterprise also supports game management activities. Hunting grounds are managed by the Ukrainian Society of Hunters and Fishermen (Monastyrets, Velyatyn, and Vyshkiv districts, 7,911 ha) and the Zakarpattia Society of Hunters and Fishermen 'Lisivnyk' (Vyshkiv, Khust, and Drahiv districts, excluding buffer zones of anthropogenic landscapes, 8,822 ha). A key limitation to effective forestry management, particularly in hard-to-reach mountainous areas, is the insufficient development and uneven distribution of forest transport infrastructure (forest roads, skidding trails). The study proposes measures for rational forest use, emphasizing optimization and expansion of the road network in line with ecological standards. These measures are critical for reducing operational costs, improving efficiency, and ensuring access to forest resources while minimizing negative environmental impacts. It was concluded that effective and sustainable forest management within the Khust Experimental Forestry requires a comprehensive approach based on a deep understanding of the geospatial characteristics of forest resources, rational use of forest lands, infrastructure development, and the implementation of modern management technologies. 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://dspace.tnpu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/38865 Назва: Оптимізація структури мішаних лісів басейну Бистриці Тисменицької (Українські Карпати) на засадах наближеного до природного лісівництва в умовах можливої зміни клімату Автори: Теліш, Павло Короткий огляд (реферат): У статті обґрунтована система заходів, спрямованих на реконструкцію похідних лісів у басейні Бистриці Тисменицької. У межах висотних лісових поясів і висотних ландшафтних місцевостей запропоновано параметри цільових деревостанів, заходи з наближеного до природного лісівництва та рекомендовані способи рубань.; The article substantiates a system of measures aimed at the reconstruction of mixed forests in the Bystrytsia Tysmenytska basin in the Ukrainian Carpathians for the sake of mitigating the effects of possible climate change. The theoretical basis for such research should be a system of close-to-nature forestry. The total area of the Bystrytsia Tysmenytska basin, excluding the area of its largest right tributary, Tysmenytsia, makes some about 510 km2. In terms of relief, the basin territory is clearly divided into the Subcarpathian (Upper Dniester Plain) and Carpathian (Drohobych Upland) parts. The climatic conditions of the basin territory are quite favourable for the cultivation of highly productive mixed fir and beech forests. More detailed differences in the nature of the tree stands are determined by edaphic (soil) factors. Analysis of the main ecological factors makes it possible to trace the correspondence between the natural conditions of the territory and the main types afforests that are most common nowadays in the territory of the studied basin. In the territory of the Bystrytsia Tysmenytska basin, as part of the northern macroslope of the Ukrainian Carpathians within the heights of 250-850 m above sea level. S. Stoyko (2004) identified three altitudinal forest belts: a belt of oak forests made of common oak, a belt of fir and oak forests made of common oak, and a belt of beech forests. Within these altitudinal forest zones, based on the materials of the latest forest inventory and our own forestry and natural-geographical research, we have identified areas of natural forests that are associated with various natural-territorial complexes. The natural forests of the basin include 19 most common forest types. Within each altitudinal forest belt and corresponding altitudinal landscape areas, the current parameters of tree stands (origin, tree stand formula depending on forest type, age composition, horizontal and vertical structures) were analysed for the most common types of oak, fir and oak, and beech forests. For the most common forest types within oak, fir and oak, and beech forests, target tree stand parameters have been proposed, based on a close-to-nature forestry system, with the aim of mitigating possible climate change. A well-founded system of close-to-nature forestry measures and recommended felling methods has been developed. The main goal of close-to-nature forestry within the oak forest belt is to maximise the stimulation of seed renewal of common oak and measures to promote its growth and development, the transformation of oak forests of vegetative origin into seed forests, the creation of mixed and complex plantations of natural and artificial origin, and the selection and breeding of oak forms and populations that are most resistant to changing climatic conditions and the spread of diseases. In the fir and oak as well as oak and fir forests, the main goal of close-to-nature forestry is to stimulate the emergence of seedling growth, promote its development and growth, and create mixed-composition and complex-structure fir and oak as well as oak and fir forests of natural and artificial origin. The goal of the close-to-nature forestry system in the beech forest belt is to form highly productive and complex plantations, maintain their high natural regeneration potential, and transform low-stemmed, thinned tree stands into high-stemmed and high-density ones through forestry measures. The forestry system based on natural forests, suggested for the high-altitude forest belts of the Bystrytsia Tysmenytska basin, presupposes regulation of various measures for natural regeneration, main felling, maintenance and restructuring logging, preservation of biotic diversity, forest protection, reconstruction of transformed plantations, and optimisation of forest cultivation. Such reconstruction of secondary forests can mitigate the effects of possible future climate change in the region under study. 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://dspace.tnpu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/38864 Назва: Сучасні геопросторові проблеми розвитку систем супутникової навігації, їх використання у господарській та туристичній діяльності Автори: Рудакевич, Іван Романович Короткий огляд (реферат): У публікації охарактеризовані сучасні геопросторові проблеми розвитку систем cупутникової навігації, їх використання у господарській та туристичній діяльності. Проаналізовано актуальність проблематики використання супутникових навігаційних систем у різних сферах діяльності. Розкрито аспекти вразливості геопозиційних систем через підміну їх сигналу (спуфінг) чи глушіння. Охарактеризовано напрями використання супутникових навігаційних систем у туристичній діяльності. Проаналізовані заходи щодо запобігання спотворенню та перетворенню сигналів навігаційних супутникових систем.; The publication modern geospatial problems of satellite navigation systems development, their use in economic and tourist activities are described. The relevance of the issues of using satellite navigation systems in various fields of activity is analyzed. Aspects of vulnerability of geopositioning systems due to substitution of their signal (spoofing) or its jamming are revealed. The possible negative consequences of distortion of satellite navigation system signals are described. The contribution to the study of modern aspects of navigation systems development in the context of modern challenges in the research of ukrainian and foreign scientists is analyzed. The most common satellite navigation systems in the world are briefly described. The American GPS network is the most widespread in the world and provides the best signal accuracy. The Russian GLONASS is less popular due to frequent failures and problems with satellites. The European Galileo navigation system is a completely civilian development, although it can be used by the military to ensure the security of EU countries. The Chinese BeiDou system was developed with a strategic goal to reduce China's dependence on American or European satellite navigation. In tourism, satellite navigation systems are used mainly for the use of tourist maps and the use of geolocation for orientation in the terrain. In tourism, navigation systems are also used for orientation and tracking of groups moving by road, water or air transport. Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) are used to determine precise positioning (location), navigation and time (PNT). Due to navigation failures, the precise time function of PNT is often lost, which leads to a deterioration in the accuracy of geopositioning. Depending on the change in PNT, interference in the operation of navigation systems is distinguished as signal substitution (spoofing) or jamming. The features of the manifestation of spoofing or signal jamming in the operation of satellite systems are characterized. GPS failures were recorded primarily near military facilities. For the first time, spoofing and jamming technologies for satellite navigation systems were recorded back in 2008. Until then, experts considered the GPS system resistant to distortion and interference. Problems with navigation system signals were especially acute by 2019, when experts recorded numerous radio-electronic interference from Russia. The most massive damage to GPS signals was recorded in January 2024 in Poland and the Baltic Sea. Then the signals of this navigation system were jammed. Negative trends in the distortion of navigation signals continued in 2025, when they were also recorded in Bulgaria. Most often, failures concerned air transport navigation. Such events can negatively affect tourist flows and centers. To prevent distortion and transformation of signals of navigation satellite systems, a number of measures are being implemented to increase their stability: analysis of power and signal correction, use of multi-frequency and multi-system receivers, signal filtering, etc. Improved receivers contain updated firmware algorithms or digital filters that can detect and remove interfering signals. Satellite navigation systems themselves are also being improved by launching more modern satellites and increasing the number of correction stations. 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z