http://dspace.tnpu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13969 2026-04-08T01:54:41Z http://dspace.tnpu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/32319 Назва: Наукові записки Тернопільського національного педагогічного університету імені Володимира Гнатюка Опис: Повнотекстові наукові записки 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z http://dspace.tnpu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/14079 Назва: Порівняльний вплив регуляторів росту азотофіт, янтарна кислота та вимпел на динаміку процесів росту та продуктивність озимої пшениці сорту Ювівата Автори: Приплавко, С. О.; Гавій, В. М. Короткий огляд (реферат): У статті наведені результати вивчення впливу регуляторів росту рослин Азотофіт, Янтарна кислота та Вимпел на польову схожість насіння, динаміку показників росту (середня висота рослин та довжина кореня, маса сирої та сухої речовини, відсоток сухої речовини в рослинній пробі) та елементи продуктивності (довжина складного колоса, кількість зернин та маса складного колоса) озимої пшениці сорту Ювівата.; Scientific research suggests that winter wheat cultivation technologies can be regulated by plant growth regulators. These substances have a complex effect on growth and development and facilitate plant growth and crop capacity. Three-year field studies were carried out using plant growth regulators of Azotophyte, Amber acid and Vympel to determine the dynamics of plant growth rates and their productivity. This made it possible to observe the influence of growth regulators before sewing and to establish their effectiveness at all stages of plant development. Seeds of winter wheat of the variety Jubiwata were treated with solutions of the substances under analysis. The experimental area was 40 m². The study demonstrated that the growth regulators do not influence the field germination rate of plants, but the percentage of germination was quite high in both control and experimental variants. As for the rates of plant height and root length, the first measurement of the average height of winter wheat plants in autumn demonstrated that Vympel was the most efficient. Its indicators exceeded the control variant by 3.4%. After the second measurement, the plant height increased in all variants. The fourth spring measurement showed that the most powerful was the effect by Amber acid. This compound significantly inhibited plant growth compared to other growth regulators and controls. The investigated plant growth regulators have a positive influence on the processes of root development of winter wheat plants in both autumn and spring time. This feature will provide a better nutrition of the plants. The weight of the dry matter after the first weighing was greater in the control and the variant treated with Nitrogen. The fourth weighing showed that the best effect on the dry matter mass was found by Azotophyte, which contributed to the increase of this indicator twice as much compared to the control. Amber acid, when used for pre-sowing seed treatment, exceeded the control value by 1.8 times. Stronger effect on the percentage of dry matter in the plant sample was found only by Vympel, under the influence of which this indicator was greater by 9 units compared to the control. The use of synthetic growth regulators significantly increases the productivity of winter wheat, namely the length of the complex ear, the number of grains and the weight of the compound ear. Thus, research has shown that plant growth regulators Azotophit, Amber acid and Vympel facilitate the growth and productivity of winter wheat plants of the Juvivat variety. Winter wheat crops can be treated with these substances before sowing. Determining the highest efficiency of each individual regulator, as well as the possibility of combining them to improve plant growth processes, requires further research. 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z http://dspace.tnpu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/14078 Назва: Вплив Pseudomonas syringae на iнтродукованi сорти пшениці Автори: Пастощук, А. Ю.; Буценко, Л. М.; Сківка, Л. М. Короткий огляд (реферат): У статті охарактеризовано фітотоксичну активність двох патоварів основного збудника бактеріозів зернових культур в Україні – Pseudomonas syringae по відношенню до зерен пшениці різних сортів. У результаті проведених досліджень виявлено помірну чутливість інтродукованих в Україні сортів пшениці зарубіжної селекції Дискус, Хукулус, Гренні до фітопатогенних бактерій P. syrіngae pv. coronafacіens та P. syrіngae pv. аtrofacіens, а також до їх ліпополісахаридів (ЛПС). Найбільш стійкими до фітопатогенної дії патоварів P. syrіngae виявилися зерна сорту озимої пшениці Дискус. Живі бактеріальні суспензії чинили більш виразну фітотоксичну дію, у порівнянні з їх ЛПС, на зерна пшениці озимих сортів і менш виразну, ніж ЛПС на зерна ярої пшениці.; Pseudomonas syringae, the causal agent of basal bacteriosis of wheat, is the most dangerous wheat pathogen in Ukraine. The phytopathogen affects all parts of plants and seeds, and may be the cause of their low germination. It also causes empty-head leading to crop losses and quality decrease. P syringiae survives on host plant residues, in soil and on seed. Seed infestation can play an important role in disease epidemiology. An important component of the outer membrane and the virulence factor of phytopathogenic bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas is lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which participates in pathogenesis processes, and is responsible for toxigenicity and immunogenicity of causal agents. The strategic importance of wheat in the agrarian market of Ukraine actualizes the research into the varieties resistant to basal bacteriosis. The study aims to determine the effects of phytopathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas syringae pv. coronafaciens and P. syrіngae pv. atrofaciens, as well as their LPS on seeds of different wheat varieties. Bacterial strains were obtained from the collection of live cultures at the department of phytopathogenic bacteria of D. K. Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology of the NASU. To conduct the experiment a suspension of living cells of the pathogen with a concentration of 109 CFU / ml and LPS solution at the concentration of 5 mg/ml was used. Exposure time was 24 h. The seed germination and the length of the main root of the sprout were determined after 4 days of germination period. Phytotoxic effect of P. syrіngae cells and their LPS was investigated using two varieties of winter wheat (Discus and Huculus) and spring wheat variety of Grenny. Introduced in Ukraine wheat varieties of foreign breeding Discus, Hukulus and Grenny were characterized by moderate sensitivity to phytopathogenic bacteria P. syrinae pv. coronafaciens and P. syrіngae pv. atrofaciens, as well as to their LPS. The most resistant to the phytopathogenic effect of P. syrіngae pathovars were the grains of the variety of winter wheat Discus. Live bacterial suspensions exerted a more pronounced phytotoxic effect, compared to their LPS, towards wheat grains of winter varieties and less pronounced than LPS - towards grain of spring wheat variety. 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z http://dspace.tnpu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/14077 Назва: Поведінкова активністьщурів і рівень ендотоксикозу мозку на тлі гідразинового гепатиту Автори: Макаренко, О. А.; Гладкій, Т. В.; Майкова, А. В.; Могилевська, Т. В. Короткий огляд (реферат): Показано, що формування токсичного гепатиту в щурів шляхом введення їм сірчанокислого гідразину супроводжується гальмуванням орієнтовно-поведінкової, дослідницької та емоційної активності, які відзначаються вже на першому тижні. На тлі гепатиту в гомогенатах тканин мозку виявляється активність уреази, що свідчить про порушення детоксикаційної функції печінки і можливості розвитку ендотоксикозу мозку Так, у мозку щурів встановлено збільшення активності маркерів запалення, ферментів- деструкторів на тлі зниження активності показників антиоксидантної системи. Доведено, що зміна поведінкової та емоційної активності щурів на тлі токсичного гепатиту пов'язана з розвитком ендотоксикозу, який є наслідком порушення детоксикаційної функції печінки при гепатиті.; Hepatic encephalopathy is a frequent complication and manifestation of liver diseases, and a consequence of liver failure. Our research aims at studying behavioral and emotional activity, as well as identification of the degree of endotoxicosis of brain tissues of rats at the background of modelling in them of toxic chronic hydrazine hepatitis. The research was carried out at the Department of Human and Animal Physiology of Odessa National Mechnykov University on laboratory male rats, aged 8-10 months. The animals were divided into 2 groups, 6 animals in each, control (intact animals) and experimental (formation of a model of toxic hydrazine hepatitis) ones. The functional state of the brain of rats was evaluated by studying the behavioral and emotional activities of animals with the methods of "Open field" and "T- shaped labyrinth". In brain homogenates, the activity of a number of enzymes was determined, which could indicate the cause of changes in the functioning of the nervous system: the activity of lysozyme, urease, elastase, catalase, the content of malondialdehyde. It was discovered that formation of toxic hepatitis in rats is accompanied by inhibition of orientation and behavioural activity – on 50-70 %, exploratory – on 40-60 % and emotional – on 30 % in “open field” test, considerable aggravation of dynamics of rate and quality of learning problem solving in T-shaped labyrinth. Modeling of hepatitis in rats led to the decrease in lysozyme activity by 22.1%, catalase activity by 30.8%, detection of urease activity in the brain, as well as an increase in elastase activity by 44.6% and malondialdehyde content by 21.5%.в At the background of hepatitis in homogenates of brain tissues urease activity has been detected, activity of inflammation markers and enzymes-destructors increases, with activity of indices of antioxidant brain system decreasing. Change of behavioural activity of rats at the background of toxic hepatitis is caused by the development of endotoxicosis, which results from impairment of the function of liver detoxification. 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z